High-Risk Lineages of Hybrid Plasmids Carrying Virulence and Carbapenemase Genes.

Carbapenem-resistant (CRE) are a global health threat due to their high morbidity and mortality rates and limited treatment options. This study examines the plasmid-mediated transmission of virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants in carbapenem-resistant () and () isolated from Russian hospitals. : We performed short- and long-read whole-genome sequencing of 53 clinical isolates (48 and 5 ) attributed to 15 genetic lineages and collected from 21 hospitals across nine Russian cities between 2016 and 2022.

[The spectrum of primary drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with tuberculosis in relation to human immunodeficiency virus status].

Aim: To estimate the detection rate and spectrum of primary drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) in patients with tuberculosis (TB) in relation to their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status in a region with high HIV infection rates (the Perm Territory) and to compare of drug-resistant MBT (DR-MBT) in patients with HIV/TB co-infection, by using phenotypic and molecular genetic testing (MGT) methods.

Subjects And Methods: The results of sputum bacteriological examination were analyzed in 178 HIV-infected patients and 354 non-HIV-infected individuals with a TB diagnosis made in the period July 1, 2014 to August 1, 2015. The diagnostic algorithm for all patients involved a duplicate sputum test for MBT by two techniques: fluorescence microscopy (FM) and inoculation into the Levenstein-Jensen dense culture medium.

[Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of uncoated and coated with silver silicone urethral catheters for prevention of urinary tract infections among patients of the intensive care unit].

Unlabelled: The goal of the research is to compare and evaluate the efficiency of using silver - coated silicone urinary catheters and catheters without coating for prevention urinary tract infections.

Materials And Methods: The study included 57 adult patients of intensive care unit, which have silicone bladder catheters "Foley" without coating, and 57 patients were catheterized using catheters coated with silver. We revealed symptomatic and asymptomatic urinary tract infections in our research.

[MANIFESTATIONS OF EPIDEMIC PROCESS AND TRANSMISSION ROUTES OF CAUSATIVE AGENT OF ENTEROVIRUS SEROUS MENINGITIS].

Aim: Study the manifestations of epidemic process and leading transmission routes of causative agents of enterovirus serous meningitis (SM) by results of laboratory studies and epidemiologic examination of epidemic nidi.

Materials And Methods: During 2010 - 2014 a study for enterovirus was carried out in cerebrospinal fluid in 743 patients, hospitalized into medical organizations of Perm with primary diagnosis "serous meningitis", feces of 426 individuals, that had communicated with patients with SM of enterovirus etiology; 827 water samples from the distribution network, 295 water samples from open water and 57 washes from surface of vegetables and fruits. All the samples were studied in polymerase chain reaction, part--by a virological method.

[The frequency of detection of non-polio enteroviruses in foul and fecal waste waters, water and some food products].

In the Perm Territory from 2010 to 2014 155 samples offoul andfecal waste waters, 293 samples of surface water, 827 samples of supply net water, and 57 vegetable and fruit water-washes were examined for the RNA enterovirus agent with the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. In parallel 155 wastewater samples, 20 samples of surface water, and 4 samples of supply net water were examined for non-polio enterovirus agent with the use of virological methods. In the samples of foul waste waters the RNA enterovirus agent was detected in 74.

[Formation of Enterobacter cloacae resistance to disinfectants under the effect of bactericidal concentrations of quaternry ammonium compounds in the experiment].

Aim: Study the possibility of formation of induced resistance of purulent-septic infection (PSI) causative agents against disinfectants (DI) in bactericidal concentrations.

Materials And Methods: Daily exposure to bactericidal concentrations of preparations from the group of quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) on Enterobacter cloacae strain that has incomplete sensitivity to the same disinfectants on the same test objects was carried out in experiments on test objects from wood and plastic. Exposure was carried out until the moment of transition from incomplete sensitivity to resistance.

[The experimental evaluation of the possibility of the penetration of enteric viruses from the surface into the pulp of contaminated fruits and vegetables].

According to the results of complex microbiological examination of samples of vegetables, fruits and grapes there was established significant contamination of them with opportunistic bacteria, antigens of intestinal viruses and cysts of intestinal Protozoa, that confirms the epidemiological role of these products as factors in transmission of acute intestinal infections. There was revealed ribonucleic acid of enteric viruses in experimentally infected pulp from the surface of tomatoes and apples, that indicates to the possibility of penetration of these pathogens into the fruits and vegetables through intact (having no visible damages) surface.

[Sensitivity of nosocomial purulent-septic infection causative agents to disinfection agents and antibiotics].

Aim: Study the sensitivity of nosocomial purulent-septic infection (PSI) causative agents to disinfectants (DA) and antibiotics (AB).

Materials And Methods: Sensitivity to DA and AB of 209 PSI causative agent strains isolated from patients and the environment of 2 obstetric and 3 surgical hospitals was studied in 2009-2011. Sensitivity to DA of 94 strains and to AB of 189 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with signs of PSI of reanimation and intensive therapy and surgical departments of a multi-field hospital was studied in 2012.

[Is resistance to disinfectants a mandatory feature of a hospital strain of causative agents of nosocomial purulent-septic infections?].

Aim: Evaluate resistance to working solutions of disinfectants by Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from newborns and hospital environment objects of obstetric hospital during registration of group purulent-septic infections (PSI).

Materials And Methods: Analysis of 2 epidemic situations on PSI morbidity of newborns caused by S. haemolyticus and K.

[Food contamination by pathogens of acute intestinal infections and survival of microorganisms in them under some variants of thermal processing and storage].

The contamination of the surface of vegetables and fruits with conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria, intestinal protozoa and enteric viruses has been revealed. The experiment showed an opportunity of penetration of enteric viruses inside of vegetables and fruits with intact (without visible damages) surface. S.

[Microbiological evaluation of chicken meal "shaverma" as a factor for Salmonella transmission].

It has been established that the dish shawarma may be a factor for Salmonella transmission, by involving in sporadic and outbreak cases of Salmonella infection. Chicken fillet grilling when cooking the dish shawarma has been found to ensure its guaranteed freedom from Salmonella only in a piece less than 2 cm thick. Deeper layers of chicken and its juice that accumulates in the grill tray may remain be Salmonella-contaminated throughout the heat treatment.

[Influence of dairy food rotavirus contamination on morbidity].

The indirect hemagglutation test (IHT) indicated that rotaantigen infection of dairy foods (DF) selected at the milk processing shop in the year of high morbidity due to rotavirus infection (RVI) averaged 12.4%. Laboratory monitoring of DF sold in the year of relative low morbidity could establish that the rate of their rotaantigen contamination averaged 4.

[Epidemiological survey of a single-case focus of acute enteric infections].

The aim, tasks and stages of the epidemiological survey of a single-cased focus of infection, taking into account present-day specific features of the epidemiology of acute enteric infections, have been formulated. The technical approaches to the detection of the source, routes, factors and conditions of the causative agent transmission are given. The patterns of the conclusion on the epidemiological survey of the focus are given.

[Evaluation of intestinal viral contamination of water objects as compared to morbidity trends].

The 1988-2000 laboratory studies of water objects in the Perm Region revealed a significant contamination of household effluents, underground and superficial water sources and distribution network water with hepatitis A antigen, Coxsackie and ECHO enteroviruses, and rotavirus antigen. A decrease in the contamination of distribution network water with hepatitis A antigen and an increase in its contamination with rotavirus antigen in recent years coincide with the trends of epidemic processes of respective infections. The maximum deterioration of the quality of distribution network water due to its contamination with hepatitis A antigen and rotavirus antigen is observed during spring freshet and precedes a seasonal rise in the incidence of hepatitis A and rotavirus infection in the population.

[An assessment of the connection between the annual population morbidity of salmonellosis due to Salmonella enteritidis and the dynamics of the epizootic process among chickens in commercial poultry plants].

The dynamics of annual morbidity in salmonellosis caused by S. enteritidis among the population of Perm during the period of 1987-1992 was analyzed. Blood sera taken from 4,689 practically healthy donors and from 6,997 hens at poultry breeding complexes were studied in the passive hemagglutination test with the use of complex Salmonella diagnosticum.

[Immunological control in the system of epidemiological surveillance over infections with different mechanisms of causative agent transmission].

The results of immunological control of infections with different mechanisms of the transmission of their causative agents (diphtheria, measles, viral hepatitis, salmonellosis) for many years are summarized. About 25,000 serum samples taken from humans and more than 10,000 probes from agricultural animals have been studied in the passive hemagglutination test and more than 3,600 serum samples have been studied in the enzyme immunoassay for the presence viral hepatitis markers. Planned immunological control has ensured greater possibilities of the epidemiological diagnosis and prognostication of complications in the epidemic and epizootic situations.

[The epidemiological patterns of rubella and the ways to improve epidemiological surveillance].

The retrospective epidemiological analysis of rubella morbidity in Perm has revealed that the epidemic process of rubella is revived every 2-3 years in winter and spring. Children of preschool age in organized groups are mainly affected; 42.5% of these children have no specific antibodies.

[An evaluation of the scope of the circulation of Salmonella among the workers of commercial poultry- and meat-packing enterprises based on serological study data in the PHA test].

Serum samples from 641 workers of large poultry and meat-packing plants were studied in the passive hemagglutination test with the use of Salmonella complex and serogroup diagnostica. A specific increase in the level of anti-Salmonella antibodies in 60.7% of poultry plant workers and in 9.

[An assessment of epidemic outbreaks of salmonellosis connected with poultry plant production].

The causes of the simultaneous rise of salmonellosis morbidity induced by S. enteritidis among the population of three towns in the Perm region were studied. The study revealed the leading role of eggs and chicken meat as factors contributing to the transfer of this infection to the population of different territories, commonly supplied with the products of one poultry plant.

[Trends in the development of the epidemic process in salmonellosis caused by Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis].

The dynamics and structure of the epidemic process of Salmonella infections among the population of Perm in 1983-1988 was studied and the results of evaluation of antibiotic resistance of the dominating Salmonella species analyzed. The study revealed that a decrease in salmonellosis morbidity caused by S. typhimurium was associated with a limited circulation of anthroponotic (antibiotic-resistant) variants of Salmonellae and a relative increase in the proportion of zoonotic (antibiotic-sensitive) strains.

[Characteristics and trends in the development of an epidemic process of Sonne and Flexner dysentery among preschool children].

The results of studies indicate that the morbidity rates of dysentery among children attending preschool institutions and children brought up at home converged in recent years. This phenomenon was most pronounced among children of the kindergarten age group. At the same time dysentery caused by Sh.