Tuning Green Explosives through SAr Chemistry.

Reactivity and regioselectivity of SAr-type fluorine substitution with azide in polyfluorosubstituted nitrobenzenes was studied both theoretically and experimentally. The obtained polyazido-substituted nitrobenzene derivatives were extensively characterized by NMR, IR, HPLC, X-ray, and DFT methods. It was found that the substitution with the azide nucleophile occurs first at the para- and the ortho-positions to the NO-group and that transazidation reactions also occur here.

Highly energetic -cyano-substituted CL-20 analogues: challenging the stability limits of polynitro hexaazaisowurtzitanes.

To design high-energy-density materials of a new level, it is necessary to develop methods for the functionalization of energetic scaffolds, which will make it possible to tune their physicochemical and energetic properties. For this reason, we have elaborated an approach for synthesizing a new series of energetic cage compounds with advanced properties by introducing the -cyano group into the polynitro hexaazaisowurtzitane framework. The structures of the obtained substances were fully characterized with a combination of methods, including multinuclear (H, C{H}, N, and N{H}) NMR and IR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopy and quantum chemical calculations.

Postbiotics versus probiotics in early-onset colorectal cancer.

Probiotics and postbiotics mechanisms of action and applications in early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) prevention and treatment have significant importance but are a matter of debate and controversy. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to define the probiotics concept, advantages and limitations in comparison to postbiotics, and proposed mechanisms of anti-tumor action in EOCRC prevention and treatment of postbiotics. Biotics (probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics) could confer the health benefit by affecting the host gut microbiota directly and indirectly.

Expanding the importance of HMERF titinopathy: new mutations and clinical aspects.

Objective: Hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure (HMERF) is caused by titin A-band mutations in exon 344 and considered quite rare. Respiratory insufficiency is an early symptom. A collection of families and patients with muscle disease suggestive of HMERF was clinically and genetically studied.

Sustainable Flow Synthesis of Encoded Beads for Combinatorial Chemistry and Chemical Biology.

Monosized beads of polar resins were synthesized for combinatorial chemistry and chemical biology by sustainable microchannel flow synthesis. Regular, biocompatible, and optically encoded beads could be efficiently prepared on large scale and in high yield. In a preparative flow polymerization instrument, taking advantage of a designed T-connector for droplet formation, quality beads were synthesized with accurate size control using a minimal amount of recirculating silicon oil as suspension medium.

A Flow Procedure for Linearization of Genome Sequence Graphs.

Efforts to incorporate human genetic variation into the reference human genome have converged on the idea of a graph representation of genetic variation within a species, a genome sequence graph. A sequence graph represents a set of individual haploid reference genomes as paths in a single graph. When that set of reference genomes is sufficiently diverse, the sequence graph implicitly contains all frequent human genetic variations, including translocations, inversions, deletions, and insertions.

A Prospective, Neurophysiologic Comparative Study to Assess the Efficacy and Duration of Effect of IncobotulinumtoxinA and AbobotulinumtoxinA in the Treatment of Crow's Feet.

This randomized, rater-blind, split-face study compared the safety and efficacy of incobotulinumtoxinA and abobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of crow's feet. Nine units of incobotulinumtoxinA were administered to the lateral periorbital region of one side of the face and 27 units of abobotulinumtoxinA to the other in healthy subjects (aged 35-55 years) with moderate-to-severe crow's feet at rest (2-3 points on the 5-point Merz Aesthetics Scale [MAS]). Investigators assessed efficacy using the MAS, while subjects assessed using a 9-point global assessment scale.

Multiwavelength Resonance Raman Characterization of the Effect of Growth Phase and Culture Medium on Bacteria.

We examine the use of multiwavelength ultraviolet (UV) resonance-Raman signatures to identify the effects of growth phase and growth medium on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli (E. coli), Citrobacter koseri (C.

Generation of ultrasound in materials using continuous-wave lasers.

Generating and detecting ultrasound is a standard method of nondestructive evaluation of materials. Pulsed lasers are used to generate ultrasound remotely in situations that prohibit the use of contact transducers. The scanning rate is limited by the repetition rates of the pulsed lasers, ranging between 10 and 100 Hz for lasers with sufficient pulse widths and energies.

Specular integrating tube for scattered-light spectroscopy.

A cylindrical sample cell is adapted to the problem of increasing the scattered-light signal from an optically thin liquid sample. The ends of the cylinder are coated with specularly reflecting aluminum to increase the signal by reflecting the stimulating light beam through the medium multiple times. The circumference of the cylinder is similarly coated to increase the fraction of the emitted light that is collected and sent into the slit of a spectrometer.

Modified Šolc notch filter for deep ultraviolet applications.

We present results of the design and testing of a modified optical Šolc notch filter for use in the deep ultraviolet (DUV, 190-300 nm) spectral range. The filter was designed to block a specific wavelength in this region. In addition, a sequence of blocked wavelengths occurs at wavelengths both shorter and longer than the specified wavelength.

Identification of explosives with two-dimensional ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy.

The first two-dimensional (2D) resonance Raman spectra of TNT, RDX, HMX, and PETN are measured with an instrument that sequentially and rapidly switches between laser wavelengths, illuminating these explosives with forty wavelengths between 210 nm and 280 nm. Two-dimensional spectra reflect variations in resonance Raman scatter with illumination wavelength, adding information not available from single or few one-dimensional spectra, thereby increasing the number of variables available for use in identification, which is especially useful in environments with contaminants and interferents. We have recently shown that 2D resonance Raman spectra can identify bacteria.

Identification of bacteria from two-dimensional resonant-Raman spectra.

We present the first measurements of two-dimensional resonant-Raman spectra and demonstrate the applicability of the method to the identification of bacteria, including differentiation of genetically similar species. A new device that sequentially illuminates bacteria with different ultraviolet wavelengths and measures a spectrum at each was developed for this purpose. We anticipate that information within such two-dimensional spectra will allow identification of bacteria and chemicals in environments containing multiple organisms and chemicals, leading, for example, to instruments that rapidly identify bacteria in hospital and food plant settings, for screening large populations, and for biochemical-threat warning systems.