SINE-derived satellites in scaled reptiles.

Background: The genomes of many eukaryotes contain DNA repeats in the form of both tandem and interspersed elements with distinct structure, evolutionary histories, and mechanisms of emergence and amplification. Although there is considerable knowledge regarding their diversity, there is little evidence directly linking these two types.

Results: Different tandem repeats derived from portions of short interspersed elements (SINEs) belonging to different families were identified in 56 genomes of squamate reptiles.

Interspecific Comparison of Orthologous Short Interspersed Elements Loci Using Whole-Genome Data.

The polymorphism of SINE-containing loci reflects the evolutionary processes that occurred both during the period before the divergence of the taxa and after it. Orthologous loci containing SINE in two or more genomes indicate the relatedness of the taxa, while different copies may have a specific set of mutations and degree of difference. Polymorphic insertion can be interpreted with a high degree of confidence as a shared derived character in the phylogenetic reconstruction of the history of the taxon.

Tail Wags Dog's SINE: Retropositional Mechanisms of Can SINE Depend on Its A-Tail Structure.

SINEs, non-autonomous short retrotransposons, are widespread in mammalian genomes. Their transcripts are generated by RNA polymerase III (pol III). Transcripts of certain SINEs can be polyadenylated, which requires polyadenylation and pol III termination signals in their sequences.

Analysis of SINE Families B2, Dip, and Ves with Special Reference to Polyadenylation Signals and Transcription Terminators.

Short Interspersed Elements (SINEs) are eukaryotic non-autonomous retrotransposons transcribed by RNA polymerase III (pol III). The 3'-terminus of many mammalian SINEs has a polyadenylation signal (AATAAA), pol III transcription terminator, and A-rich tail. The RNAs of such SINEs can be polyadenylated, which is unique for pol III transcripts.

New Ther1-derived SINE Squam3 in scaled reptiles.

Background: SINEs comprise a significant part of animal genomes and are used to study the evolution of diverse taxa. Despite significant advances in SINE studies in vertebrates and higher eukaryotes in general, their own evolution is poorly understood.

Results: We have discovered and described in detail a new Squam3 SINE specific for scaled reptiles (Squamata).

Short interspersed elements (SINEs) of squamate reptiles (Squam1 and Squam2): structure and phylogenetic significance.

Short interspersed elements (SINEs) are important nuclear molecular markers of the evolution of many eukaryotes. However, the SINEs of squamate reptile genomes have been little studied. We first identified two families of SINEs, termed Squam1 and Squam2, in the DNA of meadow lizard Darevskia praticola (Lacertidae) by performing DNA hybridization and PCR.