Comparing the Effectiveness of a Virtual Toxicology Escape Room at Two Emergency Medicine Residencies.

Introduction Physical distancing guidelines during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced medical residency programs to move a large portion of required didactics to virtual settings. Toxicology, a core component of emergency medicine (EM) education, was forced to adapt to similar constraints. An in-person escape room style puzzle was modified to a virtual format for educational purposes, and shared with and evaluated by two different residency programs.

Pharmacobezoars described and demystified.

Introduction: A bezoar is a concretion of foreign material that forms and persists in the gastrointestinal tract. Bezoars are classified by their material origins. Phytobezoars contain plant material, trichobezoars contain hair, lactobezoars contain milk proteins, and pharmacobezoars contain pharmaceutical products.

Mutism and persistent dysarthria due to tacrolimus-based immunosuppression following allogeneic liver transplantation.

Tacrolimus is a potent immunosuppressant medication with a low therapeutic index. We report a case of mutism with persistent dysarthria in a patient receiving tacrolimus-based immunosuppression following allogeneic liver transplantation. A 59-year-old female patient with end-stage liver disease secondary to primary sclerosing cholangitis underwent successful allogeneic liver transplantation.

Survival of acute myeloid leukemia cells requires PI3 kinase activation.

The mechanisms that regulate the growth and survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are largely unknown. We hypothesized that constitutive activation of phosphatidyl-inositide 3 kinase (PI3 kinase) could regulate survival in primary cells from patients with AML. Here we demonstrate that Akt, a critical substrate of PI3 kinase, is activated in AML blasts.