Sensitivity and specificity of International Classification of Diseases algorithms (ICD-9 and ICD-10) used to identify opioid-related overdose cases: A systematic review and an example of estimation using Bayesian latent class models in the absence of gold standards.

Objectives: This study aimed to summarize validity estimates of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes in identifying opioid overdose (OOD) among patient data from emergency rooms, emergency medical services, inpatient, outpatient, administrative, medical claims, and mortality, and estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the algorithms in the absence of a perfect reference standard.

Methods: We systematically reviewed studies published before December 8, 2023, and identified with Medline and Embase. Studies reporting sufficient details to recreate a 2 × 2 table comparing the ICD algorithms to a reference standard in diagnosing OOD-related events were included.

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Introduction: Despite several initiatives by the Moroccan health ministry to protect migrants' rights to health services, the vaccination of migrant children remains a public health issue.

Aim Of The Study: The objective of this study was to measure the vaccination coverage and identify the factors associated with the non-completion of vaccination of sub-Saharan migrant children under 5 years of age in the city of Casablanca.

Methods: Based on an analytical cross-sectional study, snow-ball sampling was conducted and a questionnaire was given to sub-Saharan migrant mothers of children under 5.