Portable gas chromatograph calibration with gases of varying viscosities.

The quantitative analysis of gas mixtures with gas chromatography is based on the calibration with certified standards and the determination of a response relationship for each species by regression analysis. The conventional assumption of a constant amount-of-substance injected onto the column, the sample size, for all standards analyzed represents one of the largest sources of uncertainies in this analysis technique. For systems using time-based microinjectors, the sample size injected onto the column is determined by the opening time of a pneumatically actuated microvalve and therefore depends upon the gas velocity developed in the injector's microchannel.

Real-Time Detection of Aerosol Metals Using Online Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Metal emissions are of major environmental and practical concern because of their highly toxic effects on human health and ecosystems. Current technologies available in the market for their detection are typically limited by a time resolution of 1 h or longer (e.g.

Siloxane compounds in biogas from manure and mixed organic waste: Method development and speciation analysis with GC-ICP-MS.

A novel method for the determination of linear and cyclic siloxane compounds (L2, L3, D3, D4, D5, and D6) in biogas was developed by combining gas chromatography (GC) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Using a continuous liquid quench sampling system, biogas samples were collected from a Swiss biogas production plant processing manure and mixed organic wastes. Although significant concentrations of siloxanes are normally linked to biogas from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) or landfill gas, manure and mixed organic waste samples also showed values in the range of 0.

Reactors for Catalytic Methanation in the Conversion of Biomass to Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG).

Production of Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) from biomass is an important step to decouple the use of bioenergy from the biomass production with respect to both time and place. While anaerobic digestion of wet biomass is a state-of-the art process, wood gasification to producer gas followed by gas cleaning and methanation has only just entered the demonstration scale. Power-to-Gas applications using biogas from biomass fermentation or producer gas from wood gasification as carbon oxide source are under development.

Online elemental analysis of process gases with ICP-OES: a case study on waste wood combustion.

A mobile sampling and measurement system for the analysis of gaseous and liquid samples in the field was developed. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), which is built into a van, was used as detector. The analytical system was calibrated with liquid and/or gaseous standards.