[Morphofunctional characterization of Apud cells in the human rectum in tumor growth].

Under normal conditions the number and proportion of four main cell types of Apud cells (EC, DI, D, L) is stable. The number of Apud cells is always lower when adenomas or adenocarcinomas are present. A decrease of Apud cells number is inversely proportional to the degree of dysplasia.

[Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells].

Rapidly growing thyroid tumour in a female of 70 is reported. Histologically, the structures of three types were distinguished: follicular adenoma, follicular-solid form of the follicular adenoma and poorly differentiated tumour with presence of osteoclast-like cells. The latter were shown to contain an immunoreactive thyroglobulin.

[Brunner's gland adenoma of the duodenal bulb].

This rare tumor was found at surgery in a 35-year-old male operated for chronic ulcer of the duodenum complicated by gastrointestinal bleeding. The tumor looked like a pedunalated polyp 6 x 3 x 2 cm in size with an ulcer 0.5 cm in diameter.

[Apudoma of the prostate].

Prostatic apudomas are represented by well-, moderately- and poorly differentiated variants. Histologic differentiation determines various functional properties of tumor cells. Tumor cells of well-differentiated apudomas produce serotonin, less frequently calcitonin, poorly differentiated ones produce only ACTH.

[Apud cells in endometrial cancer].

55 endometrial carcinomas containing apud cells are studied. Correlation between the endocrine-metabolic disturbances and mitotic index, on the one hand, and number of apud cells and their product on the other, is revealed. If the percentage of apud cells is above 20 of all parenchymal cells, low mitotic index in the tumour, marked production of serotonin, calcitonin and other hormones and high incidence of endocrine disturbances together with a relatively favourable prognosis are observed.

[A carcinoid tumor in a mature thymic teratoma].

A description of a carcinoid in the mature thymic teratoma in a 43-year-old woman. Teratoma was represented by the skin with appendages, intestinal and respiratory epithelium, salivary gland, fat tissue, islands of cartilage and ependyma. A carcinoid of alveolo-trabecular type consisting of cells with argyrophilic and argentaffinic properties was found in the area of submucous glands of a respiratory tube.

[A poorly differentiated apudoma of the gallbladder].

Apudoma was found in the gall bladder removed in a 76-year-old woman because of the chronic calculous cholecystitis exacerbation. Carcinoid syndrome was absent clinically. Histologically, the tumour was a poorly differentiated carcinoid with areas of small cell and polymorphic carcinoma.

[A 2-component tumor of the breast with carcinoid syndrome].

The structures of a well-differentiated apudoma were combined with the foci of colloid carcinoma in a mammary gland tumour described. Two types of cells with argyrophil grains are distinguished depending on the argyrophil grain size, localization in the tumour cell cytoplasm and the ability to react with hormonal antisera. The first type cells correspond to the true apudocytes and produce serotonin and beta-endorphine.

[APUD cells in basal cell proliferative tissue of the prostate].

Basal cell hyperplasia involving intensive APUD cell proliferation should be distinguished among dyshormonal hyperplastic processes of the prostate. This form of hyperplasia can be considered a separate unit for its potential in the promotion of prostatic apudoma onset.

[Endocrine cell tumor (apudoma) within a polyp in the cervical canal].

Uteric apudoma found inside the cervical canal polyp is described. Histologically, it was a combination of structures characteristic of apudomas of different levels and differentiation. Problems of histogenesis of cervical apudomas are discussed.

[Adenoid cystic cancer of the breast].

A case of a mammary adenoid cystic carcinoma in a female of 45, is described. The tumour was histologically identical to the salivary gland tumours of the same name.

[Muciparous cricoid apudoma of the breast].

Four cases of muciparous cricoid-cell breast tumours with their cells containing endocrine granules are presented. The granules were detected with argyrophile reaction. Problems of histogenesis of the neoplasms are briefly discussed.

[Apud cells and apudomas of the prostate, breast and uterus].

Morphofunctional features of apud cells in the prostatic, mammalian and uterine parenchyma have been studied inadequately and their further comprehensive study is needed. It will help to estimate fully enough those pathologic changes in which apud cells are involved. Dyshormonal hyperplastic processes and, especially, tumours, are of greatest importance among them.

[Morphological characteristics of mucinous cancer of the breast containing endocrine cells].

It was established that mucus-forming mammary gland carcinoma containing endocrine cells may have a structure of an ordinary colloid mammary gland carcinoma or carcinoid carcinoma with mucus formation. The presence of amyloid in the stroma of colloid carcinoma containing endocrine cells may serve as an additional sign of the endocrine cell differentiation. Simultaneous observation in the tumour cells of both mucous inclusions and endocrine granules may be regarded as a proof of an origin of epithelial and endocrine cells of the mammary gland from a pluripotent stem cell.

[Amyloid-forming apudoma of the breast].

A peculiar mammary gland tumour is described. Histological structures typical for apudomas of various level of differentiation were combined in the tumour. Apart from highly differentiated carcinoid-like areas, there were zones of a small-cell carcinoma corresponding to a poorly differentiated variant of apudoma.

[Malignant tumors of the uterus characterized by endocrine differentiation].

Widely varying numbers of endocrine cells were identified in 12 out of 64 cases of uterine cancer in the course of histochemical and electron microscopic examination. Some neoplasms had morphologic features of apudoma of various degree of differentiation, the remaining ones (adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma) were identified as tumors of endocrine origin if their cells contained certain specific metabolites most reliably detectable by the argyrophilic method after Grimelius and electron microscopy. The results of the study and literature data suggest that both endocrine and epithelial cells originate from multipotential epithelial stem cells.

[Relation between the proliferative activity of cancer of the endometrium and the content of endocrine cells in its parenchyma].

The mitotic index in endometrial adenocarcinomas incorporating multiple endocrine cells was half that in tumors free from the said cells, this being independent of the degree of tumor parenchymal cell differentiation.

[Argyrophilic cells in endometrial adenocarcinoma with foci of squamous cell metaplasia (adenoacanthoma)].

A case of well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma with squamous cell metaplasia (adenoacanthoma) is described. Numerous argyrophilic cells in the squamous cell and glandular structures of the tumour-were detected by the Grimelius method. The tumour developed in a woman of 42, and was combined with uterine fibromyoma and ovarian mucinous cystadenoma.

[Ultrastructural characteristics of the endometrial cells in proliferative-type dyshormonal glandular hyperplasia].

Four morphofunctional cell types are distinguished ultrastructurally in the glandular epithelium of endometrium with dyshormonal glandular hyperplasia of the medium proliferative stage: proliferating, secreting, ciliary, endocrine. The cells of every type may undergo degeneration. The possibility of the cell proliferation with predominantly endocrine differentiation is noted.

[Scarring embryonal carcinoma of the testis].

The case of testis embryonal carcinoma in a man of 31 is described. Spontaneous necrosis and scarring of a primary tumour were observed macroscopically as well as widespread metastases. Histologically, the tumour was characterized by the two cell differentiations: somatic one in the primary node and trophoblastic in metastases.