Green solid lipid nanoparticles by coacervation of fatty acids: An innovative cosmetic ingredient for the delivery of anti-age compounds through the skin.

The constant exposure of the skin to internal and external stimuli drives towards skin aging and lost in skin hydration and elasticity. Chronic low-grade inflammation, called inflammaging, and oxidative stress are the leading causes of this phenomenon. Fatty acid coacervation is a preparation method for Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), which does not employ solvents, and is associated to low energy consumption.

Exploring neural architectures for simultaneously recognizing multiple visual attributes.

Much experimental evidence in neuroscience has suggested a division of higher visual processing into a ventral pathway specialized for object recognition and a dorsal pathway specialized for spatial recognition. Previous computational studies have suggested that neural networks with two segregated pathways (branches) have better performance in visual recognition tasks than neural networks with a single pathway (branch). One previously proposed possibility is that two pathways increase the learning efficiency of a network by allowing separate networks to process information about different visual attributes separately.

Serotypes by Multiplex PCR Identification and Evaluation of Lung Lesions in Pigs from Piedmont (Italy) Farms.

Porcine pleuropneumonia (PPP) is one of the main causes leading to massive losses in the pig industry, with high economic impacts. Among different etiological agents, (APP) is responsible for severe fibrinous-necrotizing pleuropneumonia. A total of 19 different APP serotypes are currently recognized.

A spatial map: a propitious choice for constraining the binding problem.

Many studies have shown that the human visual system has two major functionally distinct cortical visual pathways: a ventral pathway, thought to be important for object recognition, and a dorsal pathway, thought to be important for spatial cognition. According to our and others previous studies, artificial neural networks with two segregated pathways can determine objects' identities and locations more accurately and efficiently than one-pathway artificial neural networks. In addition, we showed that these two segregated artificial cortical visual pathways can each process identity and spatial information of visual objects independently and differently.

Sex differences in basal motivated behavior, chronic ethanol drinking, and amygdala activity in female and male mice.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major public health concern that despite its prevalence, lacks a widely-effective treatment due to the complexity of AUD pathology. AUD is highly comorbid with other psychiatric conditions including anxiety and mood disorders, however it is unclear how these disorders influence each other. The underlying etiology of these comorbidities is difficult to decipher and factors including sex, stress, and the environment further complicate both diagnosis and treatment strategies.

A machine-learning method isolating changes in wrist kinematics that identify age-related changes in arm movement.

Normal aging often results in an increase in physiological tremors and slowing of the movement of the hands, which can impair daily activities and quality of life. This study, using lightweight wearable non-invasive sensors, aimed to detect and identify age-related changes in wrist kinematics and response latency. Eighteen young (ages 18-20) and nine older (ages 49-57) adults performed two standard tasks with wearable inertial measurement units on their wrists.

Understanding Cortical Streams from a Computational Perspective.

The two visual cortical streams hypothesis, which suggests object properties (what) are processed separately from spatial properties (where), has a longstanding history, and much evidence has accumulated to support its conjectures. Nevertheless, in the last few decades, conflicting evidence has mounted that demands some explanation and modification. For example, existence of (1) shape activities (fMRI) or shape selectivities (physiology) in dorsal stream, similar to ventral stream; likewise, spatial activations (fMRI) or spatial selectivities (physiology) in ventral stream, similar to dorsal stream; (2) multiple segregated subpathways within a stream.

Cytotoxic and Phytotoxic Activities of Native Brazilian Forest Gabiroba ( Berg.), Fruits, and Flour against Shrimp ( L.) and Lettuce ( L.).

Gabiroba, a native fruit in Brazil's Atlantic Forest region, has significant nutritional and therapeutic properties. However, due to its seasonality, consumption by the population is limited. Thus, the development of gabiroba byproducts would add significant value to the food and therapeutic industries.

Bigger is really better: Resolution of conflicting behavioural evidence for semantic size bias in a lexical decision task.

Previous literature has indicated conflicting results regarding a response time bias favouring words indicating large real-world objects (RWO) over words indicating small RWO during a lexical decision task. This study aimed to replicate an original experiment and, expanding on it, disentangle possible alternatives for why this effect is sometimes observed and sometimes not. The same methods as the original study were followed, and the results were inconsistent with all previously published findings.

Quantifying the Magnitude and Longevity of the Effect of Repetitive Head Impacts in Adolescent Soccer Players: Deleterious Effect of Long Headers Extend Beyond a Month.

There is growing interest in the effects of sports-related repetitive head impacts (RHIs) on athletes' cognitive capabilities. This study examines the effect of RHIs in data collected from adolescent athletes to estimate the magnitude and longevity of RHIs on sensorimotor and cognitive performance. A non-linear regression model estimated the longevity of RHI effects by adding a half-life parameter embedded in an exponential decay function.

Identifying and Localizing Multiple Objects Using Artificial Ventral and Dorsal Cortical Visual Pathways.

In our previous study (Han & Sereno, 2022a), we found that two artificial cortical visual pathways trained for either identity or space actively retain information about both identity and space independently and differently. We also found that this independently and differently retained information about identity and space in two separate pathways may be necessary to accurately and optimally recognize and localize objects. One limitation of our previous study was that there was only one object in each visual image, whereas in reality, there may be multiple objects in a scene.

Effects of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) on glycemic markers in animal models of diabetes: A systematic review.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is traditionally used by different populations of Africa, América, Asia, and Europa to control diabetes. Although its action has been evaluated in several preclinical rodent trials, they have not been systematically analyzed.

Generalizable design parameters for soluble T cell receptor-based T cell engagers.

While most biological and cellular immunotherapies recognize extracellular targets, T cell receptor (TCR) therapeutics are unique in their ability to recognize the much larger pool of intracellular antigens found on virus-infected or cancerous cells. Recombinant T cell receptor (rTCR)-based therapeutics are gaining momentum both preclinically and clinically highlighted by recent positive phase III human clinical trial results for a TCR/CD3 bifunctional protein in uveal melanoma. Unlike antibody-based T cell engagers whose molecular formats have been widely and extensively evaluated, little data exist describing the putative activities of varied bifunctional formats using rTCRs.

Modeling the Ventral and Dorsal Cortical Visual Pathways Using Artificial Neural Networks.

Although in conventional models of cortical processing, object recognition and spatial properties are processed separately in ventral and dorsal cortical visual pathways respectively, some recent studies have shown that representations associated with both objects' identity (of shape) and space are present in both visual pathways. However, it is still unclear whether the presence of identity and spatial properties in both pathways have functional roles. In our study, we have tried to answer this question through computational modeling.

Teleost fish: a new spontaneous model for the study of Lambl's excrescences.

Lambl's excrescences (LE) are fibrous strands typically occurring at coaptation lines of cardiac valves. Although they have been widely reported in human medicine, information on LE occurrence in veterinary medicine is still scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of LE in different freshwater fish and in swordfish.

Dichotomous impact of affinity on the function of T cell engaging bispecific antibodies.

Background: Bispecific T cell engagers represent the majority of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) entering the clinic to treat metastatic cancer. The ability to apply these agents safely and efficaciously in the clinic, particularly for solid tumors, has been challenging. Many preclinical studies have evaluated parameters related to the activity of T cell engaging BsAbs, but many questions remain.

Coping with Tissue Sampling in Suboptimal Conditions: Comparison of Different Tissue Preservation Methods for Histological and Molecular Analysis.

A high quality of samples is crucial for the success of the analysis and diagnostic purposes, and therefore the right method of conservation is vitally important for an optimal preservation of tissues. Indeed, the time to deliver the sample to the laboratory could be remarkably long, especially under suboptimal conditions, and the use of specific fixatives or cold storage may not be possible. Moreover, the portability and cost of storage equipment, their toxicity, and their ease of use play a central role when choosing the correct preservation method.

Pseudosparse neural coding in the visual system of primates.

When measuring sparseness in neural populations as an indicator of efficient coding, an implicit assumption is that each stimulus activates a different random set of neurons. In other words, population responses to different stimuli are, on average, uncorrelated. Here we examine neurophysiological data from four lobes of macaque monkey cortex, including V1, V2, MT, anterior inferotemporal cortex, lateral intraparietal cortex, the frontal eye fields, and perirhinal cortex, to determine how correlated population responses are.

Heading-Related Slowing by Twenty-Four Hours in Youth Athletes.

Research suggests cumulative effects of repetitive head impacts (RHIs) on brain structure, especially with younger age of first exposure. Further, recent evidence suggests no immediate cognitive changes with increased RHIs but impairments across a sports season. The aim was to examine more closely the short-term time course of behavioral effects of exposure to RHI.

Computational stabilization of T cell receptors allows pairing with antibodies to form bispecifics.

Recombinant T cell receptors (TCRs) can be used to redirect naïve T cells to eliminate virally infected or cancerous cells; however, they are plagued by low stability and uneven expression. Here, we use molecular modeling to identify mutations in the TCR constant domains (Cα/Cβ) that increase the unfolding temperature of Cα/Cβ by 20 °C, improve the expression of four separate α/β TCRs by 3- to 10-fold, and improve the assembly and stability of TCRs with poor intrinsic stability. The stabilizing mutations rescue the expression of TCRs destabilized through variable domain mutation.

Dexamethasone and prednisolone treatment in beef cattle: influence on glycogen deposition and gene expression in the liver.

The illegal administration of glucocorticoids in livestock is problematic and identification of pathways in which these hormones are involved is critically important, and new direct or indirect biomarkers should be identified. In this work, glucocorticoid transcriptional effects on some genes involved in the glucose metabolism were studied in the bovine liver. This study was conducted on adult Charolais male cattle treated with long-term low dose dexamethasone or prednisolone.

Differential benefits of olanzapine on executive function in schizophrenia patients: Preliminary findings.

Objective: Schizophrenia patients show executive function (EF) impairments in voluntary orienting as measured by eye-movements. We tested 14 inpatients to investigate the effects of the antipsychotic olanzapine on EF, as measured by antisaccade eye-movement performance.

Methods: Patients were tested at baseline (before olanzapine), 3-5 days post-medication, and 12-14 days post-medication.

Extrinsic and intrinsic representations.

We extend the discussion in the target article about distinctions between extrinsic coding (external references to known things, as required by information theory) and the alternative we and the target article both favor, intrinsic coding (internal relationships within sensory and motor signals). Central to our thinking about intrinsic coding is population coding and the concept of high-dimensional neural response spaces.