ReXErr: Synthesizing Clinically Meaningful Errors in Diagnostic Radiology Reports.

Accurately interpreting medical images and writing radiology reports is a critical but challenging task in healthcare. Both human-written and AI-generated reports can contain errors, ranging from clinical inaccuracies to linguistic mistakes. To address this, we introduce ReXErr, a methodology that leverages Large Language Models to generate representative errors within chest X-ray reports.

Police legitimacy and procedural justice for children and youth: a scoping review of definitions, determinants, and consequences.

Introduction: Understanding police legitimacy among children and youth is important for building a just and democratic society. Although the volume of studies on police legitimacy among underaged persons has grown in recent decades, the findings on the relationships between police legitimacy and procedural justice and their definitions, associated determinants, and consequences remain heterogeneous across studies and across political and legal contexts. Given these heterogeneities, the conclusions and implications generated by this research are far from comprehensive.

Equity in Coverage of Local Cannabis Control Policies in California, 2020‒2021.

To assess whether cannabis control policies that may protect public health were adopted evenly across California localities with differing sociodemographic compositions. From November 2020 to January 2021, we measured cannabis control policies for 241 localities across California and linked them to data on the characteristics of the communities affected by these policies. We evaluated whether disadvantaged communities were more likely to allow cannabis businesses and less likely to be covered by policies designed to protect public health.

Local Ties, Trans-Local Ties, and Substance Use among Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China.

China has witnessed unprecedented rural-to-urban migration since the early 1980s. While trying to assimilate into the city, rural-to-urban migrants still maintain close ties with their home communities. This study examines how local ties and trans-local ties of rural-to-urban migrants affect their alcohol and tobacco use.

Control, Peer Association, and Permissive Attitudes to Drug Use: An Integrated Model Explaining Illicit Drug Use in China.

Since 2014, synthetic drugs have replaced opioids to become the most popular illicit drugs in China. To explain illicit drug use in contemporary China, this research develops an integrative theoretical model including control theories, differential association theory, and normalization theory. The study draws on the first-hand data collected from 716 drug users in four compulsory drug detoxification institutions in China.

Lung Pericytes in Pulmonary Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology.

Pericytes are mesenchymal-derived mural cells localized within the basement membrane of pulmonary and systemic capillaries. Besides structural support, pericytes control vascular tone, produce extracellular matrix components, and cytokines responsible for promoting vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. However, pericytes can also contribute to vascular pathology through the production of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines, differentiation into myofibroblast-like cells, destruction of the extracellular matrix, and dissociation from the vessel wall.

Effects of self-control, drug-use peers and family attachment on drug use among Chinese users: A gender-specific analysis.

Introduction: The increasing trend of synthetic drug use has been a significant concern in China. The current research adopted a gendered perspective to examine the effects of self-control, drug-use peers and family attachment on drug use frequency in China.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey research recruited 785 people who used drugs from four compulsory drug rehabilitation institutions in Guangdong and Shandong Province of China in 2018.

Appyters: Turning Jupyter Notebooks into data-driven web apps.

Jupyter Notebooks have transformed the communication of data analysis pipelines by facilitating a modular structure that brings together code, markdown text, and interactive visualizations. Here, we extended Jupyter Notebooks to broaden their accessibility with Appyters. Appyters turn Jupyter Notebooks into fully functional standalone web-based bioinformatics applications.

Mural Cell SDF1 Signaling Is Associated with the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and pericytes are NG2 mural cells that provide structural support to pulmonary arteries and capillaries. In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), both mural cell types contribute to PA muscularization, but whether similar mechanisms are responsible for their behavior is unknown. RNA-seq was used to compare the gene profile of pericytes and PASMCs from PAH and healthy lungs.