Silicone Oil Tamponade Removal: Which Technique Is More Effective? An X-Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy Study.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of two surgical techniques used to remove silicone oil (SiO) emulsion tamponade after pars plana vitrectomy: triple air-fluid exchange (AFX) and balanced salt solution lavage (BSSL).

Methods: X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measured silicon content of the dry residue of fluid samples taken during AFX and BSSL. Ten patients underwent AFX and five BSSL.

Phacoemulsification Tip Elongation Under Standardized Resistance: An Objective Measure of Human Crystalline Lens Hardness.

Purpose: To establish a correlation between phacoemulsification tip normalized driving voltage (NDV) and crystalline lens hardness and use it as an objective measure of lens hardness. The study used a phaco tip equipped with previously validated elongation control adjusting the driving voltage (DV) to produce invariant elongation regardless of resistance.

Methods: The laboratory study measured the mean and maximum DV of the phaco tip immersed in glycerol-balanced salt solution and correlated the DV with the kinematic viscosity at 25, 50, and 75 µm tip elongation.

Human Vitreous Collagen Fragments Dimension As a Function of Vitrectomy Cut Rate.

Purpose: To study the dimensions and distribution of human vitreous collagen type II fragments collected after vitrectomy performed at varying cut rates and to evaluate if increasing the cut rate produces smaller collagen fragments, thus reducing retinal traction and/or viscosity.

Methods: Fluid was collected during core vitrectomies performed for macular surgery at cut rates from 1000 to 16,000 cuts per minute (CPM) and immediately refrigerated. Protein fractions were separated by molecular weight (MW; >100 kDa, 50-100 kDa, 50-30 kDa, 30-10 kDa, and <10 kDa) through centrifugal filters.

Bilateral optic neuritis as the presenting sign of post SARS-CoV-2 acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

Purpose: to report a case of Acute Disseminated EncephaloMyelitis (ADEM) occurring after documented SARS-Cov2 infection and flu-like disease.

Observation: A 59-years-old woman presented with progressive visual loss and right leg paresthesia started 6 days earlier when CT scan excluded abnormalities. Visual acuity was OU hand motion with bilateral slow pupillary response and unremarkable ocular extrinsic motility while visual field testing showed diffuse bilateral sensitivity reduction.

Computational Fluid Dynamics of Intraocular Silicone Oil Tamponade.

Purpose: To investigate the behavior of silicone oil (SiO) at the steady equilibrium and during saccades and calculate SiO-retina contact, shear stress (SS), and shear rate (SR).

Methods: A 24 mm phakic eye mesh model underwent 50°/0.137s saccade.

Influence of anterior capsulorhexis shape, centration, size, and location on intraocular lens position: finite element model.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of anterior capsulorhexis shape, dimension, and eccentricity on intraocular lens (IOL) position.

Setting: Laboratory investigation.

Design: Computational model.

Macular hole closure patterns: an updated classification.

Background: The classification of macular hole closure patterns (MHCPs) currently relies on time domain OCT allowing only "open" and "closed" statuses or is based on inner foveal contour shape. Both classification types give no information on retinal layer reconstitution. Novel sophisticated surgical techniques lead to previously unknown MHCPs, outdating existing classifications and urging new ones.

Testing a Novel Device for Accurate Ultrasound Delivery During Crystalline Lens Phacoemulsification Surgery.

Purpose: To assess whether the use of a patented, novel feedback device intended to accurately control phacoemulsification tip elongation is effective under varying machine settings and material resistance.

Methods: Sculpt mode phaco (550-mm Hg Venturi pump; elongations, 35 and 70 µm) and quadrant settings (550-mm Hg Venturi pump; elongations, 15, 30, and 60 µm) were used in agar gel of incremental density (1%, 2%, 3%, and 6% in demineralized water). Dispersed lens fragments were also simulated with 6% agar gel spherules (2-5 mm in diameter; 550-mm Hg vacuum, and 60-µm elongation).

A novel intraocular lens designed for sutureless scleral fixation: surgical series.

Purpose: To report a retrospective series of patients implanted with a novel hydrophilic acrylic single-piece intraocular lens (IOL) designed for sutureless scleral fixation (FIL-SSF Carlevale lens, Soleko, Italy) injectable through a 2.2-mm incision.

Methods: Seventy-eight patients with minimum 6-month follow-up were divided into 6 groups: dropped nucleus, luxated IOL, trauma, aphakia, IOL exchange, and Marfan's syndrome.

Diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in patients undergoing cataract surgery: a prevalence study-DiCat study report #2.

Purpose: To report on the prevalence of diabetes, diabetic macula oedema (DME) and retinopathy and their respective grading in a large cohort of patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Methods: Data on previous diagnosis of diabetes, fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin, presence and type of retinopathy and other maculopathy of 3657 patients over 55 years of age undergoing cataract surgery in 13 centres scattered throughout Italy were analysed.

Results: A total of 20.

Evaluation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure by a Formula and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate potential associations between intraocular pressure (IOP) and cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and healthy subjects.

Methods: Forty-three subjects were recruited. Weight and height were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI), along with blood pressure, heart rate, visual acuity, and IOP.

Folding the internal limiting membrane flap under perfluorocarbon liquid in large, chronic and myopic macular holes.

Purpose: The purpose of the present paper is to describe a surgical technique aimed at creating multiple layers of Internal Limiting Membrane (ILM) using Perfluorocarbon Liquid (PFCL) in order to favour the closure of large, chronic and myopic Macular Holes (MH).

Methods: Thirty patients belonging to 3 subgroups: large (> 500 μm), chronic (> 12 months) and myopic (> - 9 diopters), MHs, underwent surgery and completed 6 months follow-up. The ILM was engaged and peeled 360° around the MH, hinged to the rim and folded over the hole.

Autologous internal limiting membrane flap for retinal detachment due to posterior retinal tears over choroidal atrophy in highly myopic eyes.

Purpose: To review a series of highly myopic eyes with retinal detachment undergoing pars plana vitrectomy with autologous internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap placed over posterior retinal breaks located in areas of choroidal atrophy.

Methods: Retrospective review of 13 consecutive patients receiving pars plana vitrectomy with ILM flap over causative breaks, compared with 19 controls receiving the same surgery with ILM peeling but no ILM flap. Main outcome measures included anatomical success rate, visual acuity, number of surgeries and the rate of silicone oil removal.

Does the Bursa Pre-Macularis protect the fovea from shear stress? A possible mechanical role.

Purpose of present study is to evaluate whether the Pre-Macular Bursa (PMB) modifies Wall Shear Stress (WSS) at the retinal surface during saccadic movements. We created a mathematical model consisting of 25,000 grid cells and simulated a horizontal saccade spanning 50° in 0.17s, both in absence and in presence of the PMB.

Ocular perfusion pressure control during pars plana vitrectomy: testing a novel device.

Purpose: To study the efficacy of a novel device intended to control infusion pressure based on mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) during pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods: An arm blood pressure cuff connected to a vitrectomy machine calculated mean arterial pressure (MAP), while a pressure sensor close to the infusion trocar measured intraocular pressure (IOP). MOPP was calculated in real time in 36 consecutive patients undergoing PPV, who were divided into two groups.

Ocular surface changes in glaucomatous patients treated with and without preservatives beta-blockers.

Purpose: To determine whether there were ocular surface changes in glaucomatous patients treated with preservatives beta-blockers who switched to preservative-free beta-blockers.

Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal, open-labeled study. One hundred thirty-two patients with primary open angle glaucoma treated with a preserved beta-blocker were enrolled.

Central corneal thickness and glaucoma treatment: an Italian multicenter cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Supposedly, prostaglandin analogs (PGA) could reduce the central corneal thickness (CCT), while topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (TCAI) could increase CCT. The aim of the study was to evaluate clinically significant CCT effects in patients treated with PGA or TCAI.

Methods: At least 50 glaucomatous patients were saved on the Italian Glaucoma Register from 16 different glaucoma centers.