Intravital Position Study of the Clinical Anatomy of the Middle Lobe and Superior Poles of the Thyroid Gland.

: This study analyzes the issues of position dislocation of the head of the superior poles and lateral points of the outer edge of the middle divisions of each of the thyroid lobes (TL) changes. The purpose was to provide an intravital position study of the clinical anatomy of the middle and superior poles of the thyroid gland (TG). : We used data on anthropometry obtained during the study and data from MRI of the neck organs and anatomical formations of 100 healthy individuals, comprising 55 (55%) female and 45 (45%) male participants.

Uptake and Metabolic Conversion of Exogenous Phosphatidylcholines Depending on Their Acyl Chain Structure in .

Fungi and plants are not only capable of synthesizing the entire spectrum of lipids de novo but also possess a well-developed system that allows them to assimilate exogenous lipids. However, the role of structure in the ability of lipids to be absorbed and metabolized has not yet been characterized in detail. In the present work, targeted lipidomics of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), in parallel with morphological phenotyping, allowed for the identification of differences in the effects of PC molecular species introduced into the growth medium, in particular, typical bacterial saturated (14:0/14:0, 16:0/16:0), monounsaturated (16:0/18:1), and typical for fungi and plants polyunsaturated (16:0/18:2, 18:2/18:2) species, on .

Chemical composition and cardiotropic activity of Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana (Juz.) Rech.f.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana (Juz.) Rech.

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Triterpene Saponins from var. (Rupr. & Maxim.) J. Wen.

The roots of the medicinal plant are rich in biologically active natural products, with triterpene saponins constituting one of their major groups. These metabolites can be efficiently extracted by methanol and ethanol. Due to their low toxicity, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were recently proposed as promising alternative extractants for the isolation of natural products from medicinal plants.

Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Role of Small Signaling Peptide Rapid Alkalinization Factor 34 (RALF34) in Cucumber Roots.

The main role of RALF small signaling peptides was reported to be the alkalization control of the apoplast for improvement of nutrient absorption; however, the exact function of individual RALF peptides such as RALF34 remains unknown. The Arabidopsis RALF34 (RALF34) peptide was proposed to be part of the gene regulatory network of lateral root initiation. Cucumber is an excellent model for studying a special form of lateral root initiation taking place in the meristem of the parental root.

New benzoquinone pigments from the hydnoid fungus and their biosynthetic relationship.

Chemical investigation of the hydnoid fungus resulted in the isolation of five compounds, including two new sarcodontic acid derivatives - setosic acid () and 7,8-dehydrohomosarcodontic acid () along with three known benzoquinone pigments - sarcodontic acid (), 4,5-dehydrosarcodontic acid () and dihydrosarcodontic acid (). The structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods (UV, NMR and HR-ESIMS). The biosynthetic relationship of the isolated compounds is proposed and discussed.

Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of quinones from .

Chemical investigation of the extracts obtained from the red thallus tips from resulted in the isolation of five known quinoid pigments identified by FT-IR, UV, NMR, MS methods and by comparison with literature data (skyrin (), 3-ethyl-2,7-dihydroxynaphthazarin (), graciliformin (), cuculoquinone () and islandoquinone ()). An antioxidant capacity of compounds - were evaluated and compared with quercetin using a lipid peroxidation inhibitory assay and superoxide radical (SOR), nitric oxide radical (NOR), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) scavenging assays. Compounds and were far more active: they demonstrated the antioxidant capacity in various test assays with the IC values 5-409 µM comparable to the flavonoid quercetin.

2-[(2-Amino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)sulfanyl]-N-arylacetamides: Discovery of a new class of anti-tubercular agents and prospects for their further structural modification.

The synthesis of 2-[(2-amino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)sulfanyl]-N-arylacetamides 6a-j was encouraged by their antibacterial activity and drug-likeness predictions. Of the compounds, two bearing 4‑isopropylphenyl 6c and 2,5‑dichlorophenyl 6i moieties were found to be threefold more potent than the first-line tuberculosis drug ethambutol. A molecular docking study revealed that compound 6c may selectively bind to cyclopropane mycolic acid synthase 1, an enzyme essential for the construction of the tuberculosis bacteria cell wall.

Heterogeneous Distribution of Phospholipid Molecular Species in the Surface Culture of : New Facts about Lipids Containing α-Linolenic Fatty Acid.

Mycelial fungi grow as colonies consisting of polar growing hyphae, developing radially from spore or inoculum. Over time, the colony develops, hyphae are subject to various exogenous or endogenous stimuli, and mycelium becomes heterogeneous in growth, gene expression, biosynthesis, and secretion of proteins and metabolites. Although the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of mycelium heterogeneity have been the subject of many studies, the role of lipids in colony development and zonality is still not understood.

Diversity of ESI-MS Based Phosphatidylcholine Profiles in Basidiomycetes.

Phosphatidylcholines (PC) are the main membrane lipid constituents comprising more than 50% of total glycerophospholipids. They coordinate a number of cell functions, particularly cell growth, homeostasis, secretion, recognition and communication. In basidial fungi PC are synthesized via the Kennedy pathway as well as through methylation of phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and then undergo remodeling in Lands cycle that replaces fatty acids in PC molecules.

New cyclic diarylheptanoids from the false heartwood of Ehrh.

Two undescribed (- and five known cyclic diarylheptanoids (-) were isolated from the false heartwood of white birch ( Ehrh.). All structures were elucidated through extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments and HR-ESI-MS data, along with comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature.

A new dimethoxy dihydrochalcone isolated from the shoots of L.

A new dihydrochalcone, 2',4'-dimethoxydihydrochalcone (), together with 7 known compounds, 2',4'-dihydroxydihydrochalcone (), 2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone (), 2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone (), 1-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl) ethane (), 2,3,4,7-tetramethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (), 5-hydroxy-2,3,4-trimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene () and 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl flavanone () were isolated from the shoots of L. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR experiments along with HR-ESI-MS. Compound is reported for the genus for the first time.

[Monitoring HIV infection morbidity in Moscow based on the data of forensic medical expertise].

The objective of the present study was the retrospective analysis of the cases of rapid diagnostics of the HIV status of the corpses referred to the pathologo-anatomical departments of Moscow. The standard statistical methods were used for this purpose. The structure of H IV infections is described in terms of age and sex of the affected subjects as well as stages of the disease.

Effects of isoprenoid analogues of SDB-ethylenediamine on multidrug resistant tumor cells alone and in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by P-glycoprotein (Pgp) remains the major obstacle for successful treatment of cancer. Inhibition of Pgp transport is important for higher efficacy of anticancer drugs. Lipophilic cationogenic amines with at least one tertiary N atom, such as verapamil, are classical PgP-blocking agents.

Synthetic utilization of polynitroaromatic compounds. 1. S-derivatization of 1-substituted 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenes with thiols.

Reactions of 1-R-2,4,6-trinitrobenenes (R = alkyl, protected aldehyde, aminocarbonyl, cyano groups, or isoxazole ring) with thiol salts were investigated. In most cases, these reactions gave a mixture of minor para and major ortho substitution products. Reactions of N,N-disubstituted 2,4,6-trinitrobenzamides with S-,O-, and N-nucleophiles afforded products of substitution of the p-nitro group exclusively.

A versatile and convenient protocol for the stereocontrolled synthesis of olefinic insect pheromones.

A combination of the Horner-Emmons synthesis of alkyl 2,4-dienoates with their hydrogenation over complex L.Cr(CO)3 catalysts (L = 3CO or arene) provides a versatile, stereocontrolled and operationally simple approach to the (Z)-disubstituted, (Z)-trisubstituted, (E)-trisubstituted alkenes and skipped (Z,Z)-disubstituted diolefins with a homoallylic type of functionally. This protocol, sometimes supplemented by an enzymatic hydrolysis, was successfully applied to the synthesis of configurationally pure (gp > or = 98%) pheromones of the furniture carpet beetle, dry bean beetle, rusty grain beetle, square-necked grain beetle and a trail-following pheromone mimic for subterranean termites.

Volume and ion regulating renal functions in the big gerbil (Rhombomys opimus L.) and the water vole (Arvicola terrestris L.).

1. After iso-osmotic salt loading (1% NaCl, 1.25% KCl, 0.