[A syphilis marker study of blood component donors].

Laboratory testing of donor blood is the key point in prevention of hemotransmissive syphilis. The probability of using diagnostic EIA kit RecombiBest antipallidum-strip (AO Vektor-Best, Novosibirsk) is assessed. Ninety-two donor sera were tested.

[Various cellular mechanisms of the action of laser irradiation of blood].

Effect of in vitro exposure to therapeutic He-Ne laser at a wave-length of 630 nm in two modes, 2 and 6 mWt, on the function of blood cells is studied. Exposure to 6 mWt resulted in spontaneous increase of interleukin-1 production by peripheral blood mononuclears. 2 mWt exposure led to increase of erythrocyte deformability and decrease of their viscosity, whereas 6 mWt exposure did not modify these parameters.

[Connection between Epstein-Barr virus infection and HLA phenotype and features of cytokine status in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas].

Thirty-four primary (untreated) patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were examined. Their HLA phenotype and the production of interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha were assessed. Serological profiles characteristic of the late stages and reactivation of EBV infection were detected in 16 (47.

[The activation mechanisms in cytomegalovirus infection].

Antibodies to cytomegalovirus class IgG and IgM and level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the serum were measured in 81 patients with severe surgical infections. In patients with acute lung abscess TNF level was twice higher and activation of cytomegalovirus infection (specific IgM) was three times more frequent than in patients with infectious endocarditis. The conclusion is made that severe surgical infections inducing progressive immunodeficiency create conditions for activation of latent viral infections, cytomegalovirus, in particular).

[The spread of antibodies to cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma among donors of blood components].

The spread of IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma in the blood sera of 323 donors of hemocomponents was studied. Among young males in the northwestern region of Russia three fourths were found to be seropositive to cytomegalovirus and one third, to Toxoplasma. In older ages the proportion of seropositive persons somewhat increased.

[The Epstein-Barr virus in patients with infectious endocarditis].

Serological markers of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been investigated in 28 patients with infectious endocarditis. In 75% of patients IgM antibodies to "early" antigen of the virus which are the marker of active viral infection occurred vs 6.2% among healthy blood donors.

[The Lewis antigen system as a marker of IHD risk].

Prevalence of Lewis antigens and phenotypes has been investigated in 60 healthy donors and 74 patients with ischemic heart disease. It was found that phenotype Le(a-b-) marks high risk and phenotype Le(a-b+) is a resistance marker for development of ischemic heart disease. It would be valid to elucidate relationships between Lewis system and pathogenesis of internal diseases.

[Method of diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection].

An original methodological approach to the diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is proposed, consisting in the detection of viral DNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes using in situ DNA hybridization. EBV DNA was found in 6 (50%) patients with lymphomas and in 1 (33%) with infective endocarditis out of 26 examined recipients of blood components. No EBV DNA was found in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 14 regular donors.

[2-stage determination of rhesus classification].

A new two-staged method for identifying the rhesus appurtenance of the blood is proposed. During the first stage anti-D-super (IgM monoclonal anti-D-antibodies) are used, during the second stage rhesus appurtenance is identified in a tube using standard universal reagent for determining rhesus factor RhO(D) or it is done using gelatin test with Anti-D (IgG monoclonal anti-D-antibodies). A negative result at stage 1 and positive at stage 2 is a sign of partial antigen D, most probably of the VIth category.

[Determination of the rhesus classification of the blood].

The article describes the new two-stage method of determining of Rh-factor belonging. At the first stage tsoliclon "Anti-D-super" (monoclonic anti-D-antibody class IgM) was used. At the second stage Rh-factor belonging is determined in test-tube, using standard universal reagent for definition Rh-factor RhO (D).

[Comparative characteristics of a test system for detecting antibodies to hepatitis C virus].

The sensitivities and specificities of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits for the detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) were compared in donor blood screening. A total of 3308 donors were examined using Akvapast immunodiagnosticum (St. Petersburg), lot 12.

[The problem of cytomegalovirus infection in military blood transfusions].

The actuality of a problem of cytomegaloviral infection in military transfusiology is substantiated by the increasing number of immunocompromised recipients, mass use of hemocomponent therapy in prophylaxis and correction of anemia, thrombohemorrhagic and immunodeficient syndromes. Cytomegaloviral infection in the recipients of hemocomponents may have unfavourable consequences, such as the development of mononucleosis, enhanced sensitivity to opportunistic infectious agents as a result of virus-induced immunodepression, graft rejection, risk of the development of oncologic diseases, atherosclerosis, disorders in the processes of reparation and regeneration. In the northwestern part of Russia the cytomegaloviral antigens are disclosed in 65-75% of men, age 18-23.

[The histocompatibility problem in military blood transfusions].

One of the basic approaches which provides for the increase of immunological safety of hemocomponental therapy is the use of donor-recipient histocompatible blood. The decisive factor in the organism's individuality is HLA-antigen system. Antigen incompatibility of donor's and recipient's tissues in HLA-antigen causes the development of delayed hypersensitivity and sensibilization of the recipient, which provoke a number of complications and posttransfusion reactions.

[Optical properties of Compoplast 300 polymer containers].

The paper presents the results of investigations into the spectral wall transmission ratio of Compoplast 300 containers, which have been made on a SF-46 spectrophotometer in a wavelength of 190 to 1100 nm. It is concluded that it should be borne in mind the fact that a part of radiation is absorbed by the container walls while developing the photomodification conditions of hemocomponents. The authors emphasize that the manufacture of hemocontainers made from the polymer materials which have a high ultraviolet radiation transmission ratio is very promising.

[The immunogenetic status of patients with infectious endocarditis].

On the basis of a deep clinico-immunological examination of 23 patients with septic endocarditis it was established that HLA B35 antigen and haplotype A2-B35 are the most probable markers of the genetic predisposition to the development of infective endocarditis. Immune deficiency is accompanied by a decreased content of T-helpers, decreased activity of natural killers and phagocytic activity of granulocytes. A combination of a genetically determined defect of the immune response with a modification of histocompatibility antigens by infective agents, drugs (narcotics, antigens etc.

[Specific and substitute markers of hepatitis C in screening donor blood].

The efficacy of specific and substitute markers of hepatitis C was compared in donor blood screening. 2615 blood donors were examined using two EIA kits for detection of HCV antibodies. The presence of nonspecific markers of non-A non-B hepatitis was also checked.

[The hepatitis C problem in transfusions in military medicine].

The article contains data on viral hepatitis C, its etiological factor, epidemiology, methods of diagnosis and prophylaxis. It's high time to conduct 100% screening control of donors for viral hepatitis C antibody, using national test system of fermental analysis. The authors worked out the method of "dry drop" to study the serum for hepatitis C virus antibody.