[Phenomenological model of changes in evoked potentials of the sensomotor area of the large cerebral hemispheres during processing of conditioned reflexes].

A phemenological model of variations in evoked potentials during conditioning is proposed. The model consists of four linear differentional equations. Variations in a wide range of only one parameter of the system of differential equations correspond to all variations in evoked potentials.

[The over-reinforced conditioned reflex--a highly adaptive behavioral system].

Specialized (according to Pavlov) instrumental alimentary conditioned reflexes (CR) were studied after extremely prolonged training (2500-3000 pairings). It was established that these CR were characterized by extremely rapid extinction (till 15-20 absences of instrumental reaction after only 2-7 presentations of non-reinforced conditioned stimulus, despite the classical statement on difficult extinction of consolidated CR) independently of typological features and level of alimentary motivation of animals. The results obtained allow us to set aside such reflexes as a special category of CR which are underlined by neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms distinct from those of commonly used in experimental practice less trained CR.

[The clinical picture and treatment of dissociated vertical strabismus].

The paper describes clinical picture of a special form of oculomotor pathology--dissociated vertical squint characterized by vertical deviation into different directions, a different value of vertical deviation in abduction-adduction, a forced position of the head, infrequently--pseudoptosis of the upper lid of the downwards deviated eye, normal or slightly reduced visual acuity. The approach of surgical treatment is described. A stage-by-stage surgical treatment in 125 patients resulted into elimination of deviation in 67.

[The accuracy of ophthalmological measurements].

Main principals of metrology of measurement being conducted in research studies and in practice of ophthalmologists are stated. Characteristics of casual and systematic errors are described and their causes explained. Concrete measures for increasing the accuracy of ophthalmologic measurements are proposed: coordination of works in research institutes and chairs of ophthalmological profile and metrologic organizations of the state standard on metrologic provision; publication of papers devoted to the methods of treatment of measurement results; introduction of foundations of metrology into the program of education for refreshment courses of physicians-ophthalmologists.

[Detection of latent disorders of visual function during ambulatory care of children].

For the purpose to select tests for diagnosis of latent disturbances of visual functions, dynamic observation was conducted over 88 healthy school children within 5 years (from the 3d to the 8th form). Once a year, the children underwent examination of visual acuity for far and near, the state of binocular vision on a synoptophore and a color test, the volume of relative and absolute accommodation, muscular balance of eyes for far and near, contrast sensibility, the time of perception of the negative successive contrast, refraction. For the period of 5 years, 7 children developed myopia of low degree, 32 showed transitory or lasting reduction of visual acuity due to spasm of accommodation.

[The results of research on visual fatigue in children by determining the perception time of a sequential color contrast].

The paper analyses results after a study of visual fatigue by means of determining the perception time of a color successive contrast in children, aged from 10 to 13 years, before and after intensive dosed visual load. The revealed high percentage of visual fatigue in children (40.4-52.