Navigating the gray zone: Machine learning can differentiate malignancy in PI-RADS 3 lesions.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to predict the probability of prostate cancer in PI-RADS 3 lesions using machine learning methods that incorporate clinical and mpMRI parameters.

Methods: The study included patients who had PI-RADS 3 lesions detected on mpMRI and underwent fusion biopsy between January 2020 and January 2024. Radiological parameters (Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), tumour ADC/contralateral ADC ratio, Ktrans value, periprostatic adipose tissue thickness, lesion size, prostate volume) and clinical parameters (age, body mass index, total prostate specific antigen, free PSA, PSA density, systemic inflammatory index, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], platelet lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte monocyte ratio) were documented.

Comparative analysis of artificial intelligence chatbot recommendations for urolithiasis management: A study of EAU guideline compliance.

Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are increasingly being utilized by both patients and physicians for accessing medical information. This study focused on the urolithiasis section (pertaining to kidney and ureteral stones) of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guideline, a key reference for urologists.

Material And Methods: We directed inquiries to four distinct AI chatbots to assess their responses in relation to guideline adherence.

Machine learning algorithm predicts urethral stricture following transurethral prostate resection.

Purpose: To predict the post transurethral prostate resection(TURP) urethral stricture probability by applying different machine learning algorithms using the data obtained from preoperative blood parameters.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from patients who underwent bipolar-TURP encompassing patient characteristics, preoperative routine blood test outcomes, and post-surgery uroflowmetry were used to develop and educate machine learning models. Various metrics, such as F1 score, model accuracy, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, sensitivity, specificity, Youden Index, ROC AUC value, and confidence interval for each model, were used to assess the predictive performance of machine learning models for urethral stricture development.

Texture analysis of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for differentiating clinically significant prostate cancer in the peripheral zone.

Background: Texture analysis (TA) provides additional tissue heterogeneity data that may assist in differentiating peripheral zone(PZ) lesions in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). This study investigates the role of magnetic resonance imaging texture analysis (MRTA) in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in the PZ.

Methods: This retrospective study included 80 consecutive patients who had an mpMRI and a prostate biopsy for suspected prostate cancer.

Prognostic role of the endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 histopathologic expression in renal cell cancer.

Introduction: To measure the level of endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) expression among the Renal Cell Cancer (RCC) variants using by immunohistochemical method and determine the relationship between ESM-1 expression and RCC prognosis.

Materials And Methods: ESM-1 immunoreactivity scores (IR) were measured in appropriate renal tumoral tissue blocks of 153 consecutive RCC patients in this retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Mean ESM-1 IR scores were calculated in patients who were pathologically diagnosed with clear cell RCC (ccRCC), papillary RCC (pRCC), and chromophobe RCC (chRCC).

Seasonal fluctuation of erectile dysfunction: A cross-sectional study from a tertiary university hospital across 10 years.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) shares several risk factors with diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT) and coronary vascular disease (CVD), which were well-associated with seasonal fluctuation with the highest peak in winter. In this study, we aimed to determine whether ED demonstrates seasonal fluctuations with the above-mentioned systemic diseases. Database from a tertiary university hospital between 2010 and 2020 was deciphered to retrieve patients diagnosed with ED.

A Novel Intronic Mutation Reduces HAX1 Level and is Associated With Severe Congenital Neutropenia.

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a rare disease. Autosomal recessive forms of SCN are more frequent in countries where consanguineous marriages are common. In this report, we describe a 54-day-old female with neutropenia who presented with ecthyma gangrenosum.

Comparison of Two Different Bipolar Energy Resources in Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors.

Purpose: To determine whether the use of different bipolar resources is associated with different results on tissue and perioperative parameters in patients undergoing bipolar transurethral bladder tumor resection (bTURBT).

Methods: In this single-center prospective study, patients diagnosed with bladder tumor randomized to undergo TURBT either with a Gyrus PlasmaKinetic system (n = 62) or Olympus TUR in saline (TURis) system (n = 51). Primary endpoint was to evaluate the alteration of patients' perioperative parameters, while secondary aim was to assess the thermal effect of these 2 different bipolar devices on the resected tissue samples by a grading system determined by tissue characteristics.

A survey analysis of knowledge levels of urologists about radiation safety and fluoroscopy use.

Aims: To evaluate the awareness of the use of fluoroscopy in endourological procedures, as well as the theoretical and practical applications of preventive measures.

Material And Method: Between May 2018 and April 2019, a 26-question survey prepared using Google Docs was sent to urologists via email. Personal information, radiation training and behaviours related to radiation and fluoroscopy usage, and the use of protective equipment were queried.

Comparison of De Ritis Ratio and other systemic inflammatory parameters for the prediction of prognosis of patients with transitional cell bladder cancer.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of preoperative De Ritis ratio (aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase) (DRR) in patients with transitional cell bladder cancer (TCBC) at initial diagnosis. The secondary objective was to investigate the status of systemic inflammatory parameters, such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and platelet-monocyte ratio (PMR).

Materials And Methods: The records of patients with primary TCBC who underwent transurethral resection were retrospectively evaluated.

The Increased Risk of Complicated Ureteral Stones in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic.

Ureteral stone disease may be an emergent condition if the appropriate management is not performed in a timely manner. As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread globally, isolation and restriction orders taken by the governments have become the cores to control the pandemic. In this study, we, therefore, aimed to investigate the ureteral stone presentations in a high-volume university hospital during the COVID-19 restriction order period.

Expression of Ring Box-1 protein and its relationship with Fuhrman grade and other clinical-pathological parameters in renal cell cancer.

Objective: To determine the relationship between RING-box protein 1 (RBX-1) expression and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with prognostic factors.

Methods: A total of 88 patients who underwent radical/partial nephrectomy between January 2009 and January 2016 have been included in our study. The age, gender, tumor location, tumor size, and tumor-node-metastasis stage of each patient was evaluated.

Drug resistance restricts the efficacy of short term low dose Mitomycin-C treatment in UMUC-3 bladder cancer cells.

Objective: Mitomycin-c (MMC) is the most used intravesical adjuvant agent in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer to prevent recurrence. However, a consensus on about appropriate dosage and treatment schedule of MMC is lacking. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the most appropriate MMC dosage using an in vitro model of high-grade human bladder cancer.

The relation between Ring Box-1 protein overexpression and tumor grade and stage in bladder urothelial cell carcinoma.

Background: Ring Box Protein-1 (RBX-1), a component of SCF E3 ubiquitin ligases, has a crucial role in bladder urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) carcinogenesis and progression.

Objectives: In the present study, it is aimed to determine the expression of RBX-1 protein in bladder UCC and the association between tumor grade, stage and RBX-1 expression.

Methods: Ninety UCC samples and 20 samples containing foci of normal bladder urothelium were recruited and analyzed immunohistochemically in terms of RBX-1 expression.

The predictive value of platelet to lymphocyte and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in determining urethral stricture after transurethral resection of prostate.

Objective: The pathology of urethral stricture disease is still unclear however progressive inflammation may contribute to the development of urethral stricture. The platelet-to- lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a new and simple marker that indicates inflammation. In this study we aimed to investigate the predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and PLR in patients with urethral stricture who underwent transurethral resection of prostate (TURP).

Color Doppler ultrasound characteristics after subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy.

Aim: The present study evaluated the effect of differences in the peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistive index (RI) in the testicular artery (TA), capsular artery (CA), and intratesticular artery (ITA) after microscopic subinguinal varicocelectomy (MSV) on postoperative pain and semen parameters.

Patients And Methods: Scrotal color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) measurements were made in 33 patients (age 18-31 years) prior to MSV and 3 and 6 months after MSV. Pain was recorded using a visual analog scale and sperm concentration was determined to analyze the predictive value of the CDUS parameters regarding surgical outcome.

Necessity of routine histopathological evaluation subsequent to bladder neck contracture resection.

Introduction: Bladder neck contracture is a well-known complication following some urologic surgical procedures. Regardless of the surgical procedure, any specimen resected should be submitted for histopathological evaluation worldwide. However, the charges of histopathological evaluation may bring a heavy burden to the hospital and health care system.

Eosinophilic Cystitis: A Rare Cause of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children.

Introduction: Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is a rare and poorly understood inflammatory condition, characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of all layers of the bladder wall, which mimics bladder tumors. EC may present with symptoms such as increased urination frequency, dysuria, gross/microscopic hematuria, suprapubic pain and urinary retention.

Case Presentation: We present a 17-year-old male patient, who was continent night and day in his childhood, and was admitted to our clinic for complaints of hematuria and nocturnal enuresis for the past six months.

Spontaneous Nephrocutaneous Fistula With Tuberculous Autonephrectomy: A Case Report of a Delayed Diagnosis.

Introduction: Spontaneous nephrocutaneous fistula is a rare manifestation of renal disease that can occur due to various etiologies, such as renal calculus, chronic pyelonephritis, stricture of the ureteropelvic junction, and renal tuberculosis (TB). An autonephrectomy with a nephrocutaneous fistula due to renal tuberculosis can be diagnosed quite late if it is not suspected.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a spontaneous nephrocutaneous fistula with tuberculous autonephrectomy.

Association of ring box-1 protein overexpression with clinicopathologic prognostic parameters in prostate carcinoma.

Aim: To determine the expression of Ring Box-1 (RBX-1) protein in prostate carcinoma (PCa) and the association between RBX-1 expression and clinicopathologic prognostic parameters.

Material And Methods: Relevant data such as age, preoperative serum PSA values, and tumor stage were obtained from 51 patients' with PCa record who underwent radical prostatectomy between January 2010 and March 2014. Hematoxylin-eosin stained pathology slides were evaluated by 2 pathologists blinded to patients' data in order to determine Gleason grade groups, tumor stage, tumor volume, capsule invasion, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and seminal vesicle invasion.

A novel cannulation technique for difficult urethral catheterization.

Introduction: To propose a novel cannulation technique for difficult urethral catheterization procedures.

Technique: The sheath tip of an intravenous catheter is cut off, replaced to the needle tip and pushed through the distal drainage side hole to Foley catheter tip, and finally withdrawn for cannulation. In situations making urethral catheterization difficult, a guide wire is placed under direct vision.

Prostate myths: What is the prostate awareness in the general male population in Turkey?

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate prostate awareness in the general male population and discover the common misinformation about prostate diseases (PDs).

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional population sampling was performed in the general population for men between the ages of 18-70 with a survey conducted by medical students. The survey consisted of 15 questions addressing different aspects of PDs and common misinformation in the general population.

Fibrous pseudotumors of the testis: The balance between sparing the testis and preoperative diagnostic difficulty.

Objective: To determine a paradigm that will be helpful for urologists to manage fibrous pseudotumors, which are a very rare condition of the testis.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the patients with fibrous pseudotumors in our uropathological database from 1995 to 2013. Patients who had tumor markers and ultrosonography (USG) screening before surgery and a final pathology report of a fibrous pseudotumor were included in the study.

Epinephrine Injection Associated Scrotal Skin Necrosis.

Male circumcision is among the most frequent surgical interventions throughout history. Although considered as a minor intervention, it may have complications ranging from insignificant to catastrophic. These complications can be attributed to the surgical procedure and anesthesia.