The Burden of Sickle Cell Disease on Children and Their Caregivers: Caregiver Reports of Children's Health-Related Quality of Life and School Experiences, Caregiver Burden, and Their Association with Frequency of Vaso-Occlusive Crises.

Background: Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience a multiplex of disease-related symptoms and complications, including vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs), episodes characterized by extreme pain.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational survey examined the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and school experiences of children with SCD 2 months-11 years, burden experienced by their caregivers, and associations between these outcomes and VOC frequency. Caregivers (N=167) of children with SCD in the US completed the Infant-Toddler Quality of Life-Short Form 47 (ITQoL-SF47) for children 2 months-4 years, the Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form 50 (CHQ-PF50) and PROMIS Pain Interference and Sleep Disturbance Parent Proxy short forms for children 5-11 years, and a study-specific survey of school experiences.

A systematic literature review of frequency of vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell disease.

Background And Purpose: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a collection of rare inherited blood disorders affecting approximately 100,000 people in the U.S. and 20-25 million people globally.

Erratum to 'Lipid Treatment and Goal Attainment Characteristics among Persons with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the United States' [American Journal of Preventive Cardiology 1C (2020) 100010].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.

Lifetime Costs for Treated Follicular Lymphoma Patients in the US.

Background And Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the lifetime costs of patients receiving treatment for follicular lymphoma (FL) in the United States.

Methods: A Markov model was programmed in hēRo3 with a 6-month cycle length, 35-year time horizon (lifetime projection), and health states for line of treatment, response, receipt of maintenance therapy among responders, transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), development of second primary malignancy (SPM), and death. The model was used to estimate the expected lifetime costs of FL (in 2019 USD), including costs of drug acquisition and administration, transplant procedures, radiotherapy, adverse events, follow-up, DLBCL, SPM, end-of-life care, and indirect costs.

Statin utilization and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in statin-treated patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Trends from a community-based health care delivery system, 2002-2016.

Background: A better understanding of patterns in statin utilization and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in a clinical practice setting is needed.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine statin utilization and LDL-C among new statin users with ASCVD.

Methods: This retrospective study used an electronic health record database from a community-based health care system.

Lipid treatment and goal attainment characteristics among persons with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the United States.

Objective: National estimates of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the United States (US) are scarce, especially for patients grouped by cardiovascular risk, lipid-lowering therapy use, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The objective of this study was to estimate the size of the ASCVD population, including the subgroup at very high risk for recurrent events as defined by the 2018 Multi-Society Cholesterol Guidelines.

Methods: Patient-level data from the Truven MarketScan Research Database were used and extrapolated to approximate national figures based on known national demographic and ASCVD prevalence numbers.

Lipid-lowering Therapy and Goal Achievement in High-risk Patients From French General Practice.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to summarize patterns of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) usage and achievement of guideline-identified lipid goals in a 2015 general practice cohort of French patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and/or diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: From the IMS Health Real-World Data database, patients aged ≥18years were classified hierarchically into mutually exclusive categories of ASCVD subgroups and DM. LLT use and lipid goal achievement were assessed on the date of lipid measurement.

Statin utilization and lipid goal attainment in high or very-high cardiovascular risk patients: Insights from Italian general practice.

Background And Aims: Statin utilization and lipid goal achievement were estimated in a large sample of Italian patients at high/very-high cardiovascular (CV) risk.

Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years with a valid low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) measurement in 2015 were selected from the IMS Health Real World Data database; non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) was assessed in those with available total cholesterol measurements. Index dates were defined as the last valid lipid measurement in 2015.

Utilization of lipid-modifying therapy and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment in patients at high and very-high cardiovascular risk: Real-world evidence from Germany.

Background And Aims: Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a causal risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) events. European guidelines recommend reducing LDL-C as the primary lipid target to reduce CV risk, using lifestyle modifications and lipid-lowering therapy (LLT). Many European patients do not achieve guideline-recommended LDL-C levels.

The economic burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the US on payers and patients.

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare condition that can ultimately lead to right heart failure and death. In this study we estimated the health care costs and resource utilization associated with PAH in a large US managed care health plan.

Methods: Subjects with claims-based evidence of PAH from 1/1/2004 to 6/30/2010 (identification period) were selected.

Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs Associated with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a hereditary nephropathy, eventually leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), typically by mid-life. The objective of this study was to assess real-world healthcare resource utilization and cost among commercially insured (COM) and Medicare Advantage (MAPD) ADPKD patients in addition to the cost profile by chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage. Patients diagnosed with ADPKD (two or more claims) with ≥30 days of continuous medical and pharmacy benefits and no evidence of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease were selected (Optum Research Database and Impact National Benchmarking Database: 1/1/06-8/31/12).

Medical costs and healthcare resource use in patients with lupus nephritis and neuropsychiatric lupus in an insured population.

Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organ systems, including the kidneys (lupus nephritis) and the central nervous system (neuropsychiatric lupus, or NPSLE). The healthcare costs and resource utilization associated with treating lupus nephritis and NPSLE in a large US managed care plan were studied.

Methods: SLE subjects ≥18 years of age and with claims-based evidence of nephritis or neuropsychiatric conditions were identified from a health plan database.

Annual medical costs and healthcare resource use in patients with systemic sclerosis in an insured population.

Objective: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease. The objective of our study was to estimate the medical costs and healthcare resource use of subjects with SSc in a large US managed care plan.

Methods: Subjects at least 18 years of age and with claims-based evidence of SSc (ICD-9-CM code 710.

Medical costs and health-care resource use in patients with inflammatory myopathies in an insured population.

Introduction: In this study we determined the health-care costs and resource utilization associated with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) in a large managed care plan in the USA.

Methods: Myositis subjects ≥18 years of age with claims-based evidence of IIMs were identified from a health plan database. Subjects were matched with unaffected controls, and costs and resource use were determined during a 12-month period.

Preadmission glycemic control and changes to diabetes mellitus treatment regimen after hospitalization.

Objective: To evaluate treatment patterns associated with diabetes medication regimen changes after hospitalization on the basis on preadmission hemoglobin A1c levels.

Methods: In this retrospective database analysis, patients with a diabetes diagnosis, hospitalization, and documented hemoglobin A1c level within the 90 days leading up to hospital admission were identified in an administrative claims database. Treatment regimens were assessed before and after hospitalization.

Epidemiology of adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in a U.S. managed care plan.

Introduction: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies have a reported incidence of 0.1 to 1 per 100,000 person-years and prevalence of 0.55 to 6 per 100,000 in the United States.

Epidemiology of systemic sclerosis in a large US managed care population.

Objective: To estimate the incidence and prevalence of systemic sclerosis (SSc) in a large US managed care organization (MCO) database.

Methods: Subjects with claims-based evidence of SSc (ICD-9-CM code 710.1x) were identified from a health plan database.

Long-term clinical and economic outcomes associated with angiotensin II receptor blocker use in hypertensive patients.

Objective: To examine clinical and economic outcomes associated with angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB).

Methods: Retrospective claims data were analyzed for hypertensive adults with ≥1 year follow-up from first ARB claim. Subjects were stratified into four cohorts: olmesartan (OM); valsartan (VAL); losartan (LOS); and irbesartan (IRB), which represented the full sample.