Application of PLK1 and HOXA13 Gene Expression Levels in Urine in the Diagnosis of Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Bladder cancer is the most common urinary tract neoplasm, affecting many people annually. Current diagnostic and surveillance methods for bladder cancer are frequently invasive and lack sensitivity and specificity. This study aimed to develop an accurate and non-invasive urine-based gene expression assay, including fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), homeobox A13 (HOXA13), and polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), to diagnose non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) at stages Ta and T1.

Comparison of reactive oxygen species in neat and washed semen of infertile men.

Background: Male are involved in near 50% of cases of infertility and reactive oxygen species (ROS) playing an important role in decreasing fertility potential. Accurate measurement of ROS seems to be important in evaluation of infertile male patients.

Objective: To compare ROS measurement in neat and washed semen samples of infertile men and define the best method for evaluation of ROS in these patients.