The Parkinson disease pain classification system: results from an international mechanism-based classification approach.

Pain is a common nonmotor symptom in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) but the correct diagnosis of the respective cause remains difficult because suitable tools are lacking, so far. We developed a framework to differentiate PD- from non-PD-related pain and classify PD-related pain into 3 groups based on validated mechanistic pain descriptors (nociceptive, neuropathic, or nociplastic), which encompass all the previously described PD pain types. Severity of PD-related pain syndromes was scored by ratings of intensity, frequency, and interference with daily living activities.

Pain in Parkinson's Disease: Current Concepts and a New Diagnostic Algorithm.

Background: Pain is a significant burden for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with a high impact on quality of life. The present article aims at summarizing epidemiological, pathophysiological, clinical, and neurophysiological data regarding pain in PD.

Methods: In this domain, a procedure of systematic assessment is still lacking for the syndromic diagnosis and should take into account pain characteristics, effects of dopaminergic treatment, motor fluctuations, and non-PD-associated pain.

[Scores and stages in neurology].

Neurological scores and stages are helpful for quantifying functional deficits and describing neurological disorders in a standardized way. These assessments may support evidence-based diagnostic or therapeutic decisions-making and accurate evaluation of treatment options. Unfortunately most of the frequently used scores and stages in neurology do not fulfill the quality requirements in respect of reliability, validity and responsiveness (sensitivity, specifity).

Rehabilitation interventions in multiple sclerosis: an overview.

Multiple sclerosis is a complex, heterogeneous disease associated with long-term disability. Despite the availability of advanced disease-modifying and symptomatic therapies that may decrease activity and progression of disease and alleviate complaints to a certain extent, there is still a need for comprehensive rehabilitation interventions in order to reduce sequels and symptoms of the disease on personal activities and social participation to achieve the highest possible independence and the best quality of life. Timing and setting of rehabilitation interventions should be selected individually depending on disease phase, functional deficits, personal requirements, as well as specific goals.

Potential effectiveness of three different treatment approaches to improve minimal to moderate arm and hand function after stroke--a pilot randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To test a study design and explore the feasibility and potential effects of conventional neurological therapy, constraint induced therapy and therapeutic climbing to improve minimal to moderate arm and hand function in patients after a stroke.

Method: A pilot study with six-month follow-up in patients after stroke with minimal to moderate arm and hand function admitted for inpatient rehabilitation was performed. Participants were randomly allocated to one of three treatment approaches.

Assessment of gait parameters and fatigue in MS patients during inpatient rehabilitation: a pilot trial.

Gait impairment and fatigue are common and disabling problems in multiple sclerosis (MS). Characterisation of abnormal gait in MS patients has been done mainly using observational studies and simple walking tests providing only limited quantitative and no qualitative data, or using intricate and time-consuming assessment procedures. In addition, the correlation of gait impairments with fatigue is largely unknown.

Symptomatic therapy and neurorehabilitation in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with a variety of symptoms and functional deficits that result in a range of progressive impairments and handicap. Symptoms that contribute to loss of independence and restrictions in social activities lead to continuing decline in quality of life. Our aim is to give an updated overview on the management of symptoms and rehabilitation measures in MS.

Stroke rehabilitation in Switzerland versus the United States: a preliminary comparison.

This article compares the structure and process of rehabilitation for stroke patients at 2 internationally recognized rehabilitation hospitals, Klinik Valens ("Valens") in Switzerland and the William Donald Schaeffer Rehabilitation Hospital at Kernan ("Kernan") in the United States. Although the patient mix, structure, and process of rehabilitation were similar in many regards, there were some important differences. Most notably, on average, patients at the U.

Handlebar palsy--a compression syndrome of the deep terminal (motor) branch of the ulnar nerve in biking.

We describe 3 patients who developed a severe palsy of the intrinsic ulnar supplied hand muscles after bicycle riding. Clinically and electrophysiologically all showed an isolated lesion of the deep terminal motor branch of the ulnar nerve leaving the hypothenar muscle and the distal sensory branch intact. This type of lesion at the canal of Guyon is quite unusual, caused in the majority of cases by chronic external pressure over the ulnar palm.