Differential Expression of IGF-I Transcripts in Bladder Cancer.

Background/aim: A growing body of evidence shows that the differential expression of E domain-related insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) transcripts (IFG-IEa, IGF-IEb and IGF-IEc) in normal and cancerous tissues, implicating specific biological roles for the putative Ea, Eb, and Ec peptides, beyond IGF-I. Herein, we investigated the expression profile of IGF-IEa, IGF-IEb and IGF-IEc transcripts in bladder cancer and compared them with samples from the normal adjacent bladder tissue.

Materials And Methods: Biopsies from 46 patients (39 men and 7 women), aged 73.

Review of the current management of upper urinary tract injuries by the EAU Trauma Guidelines Panel.

Context: The most recent European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on urological trauma were published in 2014.

Objective: To present a summary of the 2014 version of the EAU guidelines on upper urinary tract injuries with the emphasis upon diagnosis and treatment.

Evidence Acquisition: The EAU trauma guidelines panel reviewed literature by a Medline search on upper urinary tract injuries; publication dates up to December 2013 were accepted.

Evaluation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin-18, and cystatin C as molecular markers before and after unilateral shock wave lithotripsy.

Objective: To investigate the impact of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) on renal tissues using neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cystatin C, and interleukin 18 (IL-18) levels in serum and urine and to examine the relationship of these biomarkers with patient and calculus characteristics as well as SWL treatment parameters.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-seven patients with renal calculi were included in this study. Blood and urine samples were attained from each patient at 4 time points; immediately before SWL, 6 hours after, 3 days after, and 10 days after the SWL.

Safety of ultrasound-guided transrectal extended prostate biopsy in patients receiving low-dose aspirin.

Purpose: To determine whether the peri-procedural administration of low-dose aspirin increases the risk of bleeding complications for patients undergoing extended prostate biopsies.

Materials And Methods: From February 2007 to September 2008, 530 men undergoing extended needle biopsies were divided in two groups; those receiving aspirin and those not receiving aspirin. The morbidity of the procedure, with emphasis on hemorrhagic complications, was assessed prospectively using two standardized questionnaires.

Differences in presentation characteristics of renal cell carcinoma in the last 25 years: a single center experience.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine trends in clinicopathological characteristics of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cases at presentation in a single institution over a 25-years period.

Patients And Methods: The medical files of 505 patients with histologically confirmed primary RCC from 1981 to 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Host and tumor characteristics at presentation were compared following stratification by hospitalization period (1981-1990, 1991-2000, and 2001-2006).

[Urinary tract injuries in polytraumatized patients].

Background: Within the S3 Guideline Project of the European Association of Urology (EAU) an expert committee was set up to develop guidelines for the appropriate management of genitourinary trauma. These European guidelines were accepted in principle as national guidelines by the German Urological Society. Therefore, they also became the basis of the contribution of the German Urological Society to the S3 Guideline Project "Polytrauma" of the German Society for Trauma Surgery.

Clinical efficacy of distigmine bromide in the treatment of patients with underactive detrusor.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of distigmine bromide, an anticholinesterase agent, deemed to improve detrusor function thereby restoring normal voiding patterns in patients suffering from detrusor underactivity.

Materials And Methods: A total of 27 patients (11 men and 16 women) with poor detrusor function were included in the study. The diagnosis was established using pressure-flow studies.

Prognostic significance of metallothionein expression in renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Metallothionein (MT) protein expression deficiency has been implicated in carcinogenesis while MT over expression in tumors is indicative of tumor resistance to anti-cancer treatment. The purpose of the study was to examine the expression of MT expression in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to correlate MT positivity, the pattern and extent of MT expression with tumor histologic cell type and nuclear grade, pathologic stage and patients' survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The immunohistochemical expression of MT was determined in 43 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded RCC specimens, using a mouse monoclonal antibody that reacts with both human MT-I and MT-II.

EAU guidelines on urological trauma.

Purpose: To determine the optimal evaluation and management of genitourinary (renal, ureteral, bladder, urethral and genital) injuries by review of the world's literature on the subject.

Methods: A consensus committee convened by the Health Care Office of the European Association of Urology (EAU) to summarize the literature concerning the diagnosis and treatment of genitourinary trauma.

Results: Findings of 350 citations are reviewed.

The impact of body mass on management of patients with renal colic.

Objective: To study the impact of body mass on diagnosis and initial response to medical treatment in patients presenting with renal colic.

Patients And Methods: One hundred and sixty-five consecutive patients presenting with symptoms of renal colic have been examined. Patients were divided in 3 groups according to their body mass index: normal-weight (BMI < or = 24.

Management and follow-up of impacted ureteral stones.

Introduction: Impacted stones are those that remain unchanged in the same location for at least 2 months.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated 42 patients with impacted ureteral stones, and followed them for two and a half years to check for long-term results. The calculi location included all three segments of the ureter (proximal, mid and distal).

Partial vesiculectomy in an infertile man with seminal vesicle cyst, ipsilateral renal agenesis, and cryptorchidism.

Congenital seminal vesicle cysts associated with renal agenesis are uncommon, but are currently detected more frequently with the use of sectional imaging procedures. Approximately 200 cases have been reported. The unique feature of our case is the combination of this disorder with an ipsilateral undescended testis.

[Urogenital lesions diagnosed incidentally during evaluation for blunt renal injuries].

Objectives: Pre-existing pathology of the urogenital system may interfere with the pathophysiology of trauma, alter the radiographic imaging and influence the way of therapeutic approach. The aim of our study was to record the pathological lesions of the urogenital tract found incidentally during evaluation for blunt renal trauma and subsequently comment on their importance.

Material And Methods: The files of 675 patients referred to our department from 1982 to 1998 for further evaluation of possible blunt renal injury were reviewed.

Attention deficit disorder in adults and nicotine dependence: psychobiological factors in resistance to recovery?

The addictive nature of nicotine appears to depend on a number of psychobiological factors. This study explores the psychoactive effects of nicotine in relationship to the particular dysphoric aspects of Attention Deficit Disorder as a coincident factor in nicotine dependence and resistance to treatment. The psychological and behavioral effects of nicotine directly correspond to reduction in symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the neurochemical effects of nicotine are qualitatively similar to stimulant medications used to treat ADHD.

The N15 component of the brainstem auditory evoked potential: a measure of hippocampal activity in schizophrenics?

The negative wave component of the brainstem auditory evoked potential at approximately 15 ms has been found to be related to activity in the hippocampus. Since hippocampal abnormalities have been reported among schizophrenic patients, it is obvious that a reliable electrophysiological measure of hippocampal activity might be useful in the study of schizophrenia. For instance, it may be hypothesized that the N15 wave of the BAEP would be abnormally reduced in amplitude for schizophrenics compared to controls, based on the previously reported misalignment of neurons in the hippocampus for schizophrenics.

Cerebral dominance, sleep and dream phenomena.

Evidence from human and animal studies is discussed in relation to the role played by the cerebral hemispheres in the genesis of sleep and particularly dream phenomena. The inconclusiveness of such research is commented upon and suggestions for further research are outlined.

Age, alcoholism and depression are associated with low levels of urinary melatonin.

Two normal control populations, separated by 8,000 miles and 24 degrees of latitude, had similar six-month mean values for overnight urinary melatonin concentrations. These values were significantly higher than six-month values for depressed subjects and abstinent alcoholic subjects, while the means for the two clinical populations were similar. Age and urinary melatonin concentration in the control and clinical populations were inversely related, but the slopes of the linear regression equations were ten times steeper for the control populations than for the clinical populations.

Dental management of the patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder frequently manifest bizarre behaviors that contribute to the oral disease development. The medications used to manage the disorder can cause profound xerostomia and compound the magnitude of oral pathology. The patient's behavioral alterations and drug therapy might require dental treatment modifications.