Atomically Precise AuPt(thiolate)(dithiolate) Nanoclusters with Excellent Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reactivity.

[AuPt(C6)] (C6 = 1-hexanethiolate) is twice as active as commercial Pt nanoparticles in promoting the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), thereby attracting attention as new HER catalysts with well-controlled geometric structures. In this study, we succeeded in synthesizing two new Au-Pt alloy nanoclusters, namely, [AuPt(TBBT)(TDT)] (TBBT = 4--butylbenzenethiolate; TDT = thiodithiolate) and [AuPt(TBBT)(PDT)] (PDT = 1,3-propanedithiolate), by exchanging all the ligands of [AuPt(PET)] (PET = 2-phenylethanethiolate) with mono- or dithiolates. Although [AuPt(TBBT)(TDT)] was synthesized serendipitously, a similar cluster, [AuPt(TBBT)(PDT)], was subsequently obtained by selecting the appropriate reaction conditions and optimal combination of thiolate and dithiolate ligands.

Clarifying the Electronic Structure of Anion-Templated Silver Nanoclusters by Optical Absorption Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculation.

Electronic structures of anion-templated silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) are not well understood compared to conventional, template-free Ag NCs. In this study, we synthesized three new anion-templated Ag NCs, namely [S@Ag(S-4CBM)(PPh)], [S@Ag(S-4CBM)(PPh)], and [Cl@Ag(S-4CBM)(PPh)][PPh], where S-4CBM = 4-chlorobenzene methanethiolate, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography revealed that they have S@Ag, S@Ag, and Cl@Ag cores, respectively. Investigation of their electronic structures by optical spectroscopy and theoretical calculations elucidated the following unique features: (1) their electronic structures are different from those of template-free Ag NCs described by the superatomic concept; (2) optical absorption in the range of 550-400 nm for S-templated Ag NCs is attributed to the charge transitions from S-templated Ag-cage orbitals to the s-shaped orbital in the S moiety; (3) the Cl-templated Ag NCs can be viewed as [Cl@Ag(S-4CBM)(PPh)][PPh] rather than the ion pair [Cl@Ag(S-4CBM)(PPh)][PPh]; and (4) singlet-coupled singly occupied orbitals are involved in the optical absorption of the Cl-templated Ag NC.

Compression-associated injuries using CLOVER3000 device in non-survivor patients of OHCA: A retrospective cohort study.

Aim: The incidence of compression-associated injuries from using the CLOVER3000, a new mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) device, is not well studied in the context of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Thus, we aimed to compare compression-associated injuries between CLOVER3000 and manual CPR.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective, cohort study used data from the medical records of a tertiary care center in Japan between April 2019 and August 2022.

A cross-cultural study of language and cognition: Numeral classifiers and solid object categorization.

One of the central issues in cognition is identifying universal and culturally specific patterns of thought. In this study, we examined how one aspect of culture, a linguistic part of speech known asclassifiers, are related to categorization of solid objects. In Experiment 1, we used a numeral classifier elicitation task to examine the classifiers used by speakers of Hmong, Japanese, and Mandarin Chinese (N = 34) with 135 nouns that referred to solid objects.

Success rate of anterior shoulder dislocation reduction by emergency physicians: a retrospective cohort study.

Aim: Emergency physicians (EPs) often treat anterior shoulder dislocation, but epidemiology of anterior shoulder dislocation in the emergency department of Japan remains unclear. In this study, we clarified the success rate of anterior shoulder reduction performed by EPs.

Methods: This single-center cohort study included patients with anterior shoulder dislocation for whom the EP performed initial reduction.

Relational language influences young children's number relation skills.

Relational language is thought to influence mathematical skills. This study examines the association between relational language and number relation skills-knowledge of cardinal, ordinal, and spatial principles-among 104 U.S.

Emotional Speech Processing in 3- to 12-Month-Old Infants: Influences of Emotion Categories and Acoustic Parameters.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate infants' listening preference for emotional prosodies in spoken words and identify their acoustic correlates.

Method: Forty-six 3- to-12-month-old infants ( = 7.6 months) completed a central fixation (or look-to-listen) paradigm in which four emotional prosodies (happy, sad, angry, and neutral) were presented.

Developmental Differences in the Relationships Between Sensorimotor and Executive Functions.

Background: There is evidence that sensorimotor and executive functions are inherently intertwined, but that the relationship between these functions differ depending on an individual's stage in development (e.g., childhood, adolescence, adulthood).

Developing an mHealth app for post-stroke upper limb rehabilitation: Feedback from US and Ethiopian rehabilitation clinicians.

Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability worldwide, with 70 percent of survivors exhibiting residual impairments of the upper limb that require frequent in-person visits to rehabilitation clinic over several months. This study explored rehabilitation clinician's preferences for design features to be included in an mHealth-enabled app for post-stroke upper limb rehabilitation. Data were collected via online survey, sampling participants from Ethiopia ( = 69) and the United States ( = 75).

Age-related Declines in Sensorimotor Proficiency are Specific to the Tested Motor Skill Component.

This study utilized a 3-degree of freedom robotic device (Wristbot) to examine wrist proprioception and eye-hand coordination in a cross-sectional sample of sixty-three young adults (19-29 years), 20 older young adults (30-49), and 17 older adults (50 years and older). Results indicated differences in the emergence of age-related declines in sensorimotor functioning depending on the tested motor skill component. While young adults exhibited smaller matching error and lower variability compared to older young adults and older adults on the proprioception task, we observed lower times-on-target and higher Linearity indices for participants older than 50 years of age compared to both young adults and older young adults.

Language unifies relational coding: The roles of label acquisition and accessibility in making flexible relational judgments.

Language is likely structuring spatial judgments, but how it achieves this is not clear. We examined the development of relative, spatial judgments across verbal and nonverbal tasks of and in children between the ages of 5 and 10 years. We found that the verbal ability to make judgments preceded verbal / judgments and all nonverbal judgments.

Point-of-care Lung Ultrasound.

The evaluation of the lung has usually been considered off-limits for ultrasound, because ultrasound energy is rapidly dissipated by air. Lung ultrasound is not useful for the evaluation of the pulmonary parenchyma and the pleural line. However ultrasound machines have become more portable, with decreased start-up time, while simultaneously providing improved image quality and ease of image acquisition.

Displaced anterior pelvic fracture on initial pelvic radiography predicts massive hemorrhage.

Introduction: Massive hemorrhage is often associated with unstable pelvic fractures with posterior ring injury. Initial pelvic radiography alone may not detect these posterior lesions. We examined whether the presence of an anterior pelvic fracture on initial pelvic radiography alone may identify patients who are at a high risk of major hemorrhage.

A novel function of neuroglobin for neuroregeneration in mice after optic nerve injury.

Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a recently discovered heme protein in the vertebrate brain that can bind to oxygen molecules. Mammalian Ngb plays a crucial role in neuroprotection under conditions of oxidative stress. To investigate other potential functions of Ngb, we investigated the mouse retinal Ngb system following optic nerve injury.

Small tube thoracostomy (20-22 Fr) in emergent management of chest trauma.

Background: The optimal tube size for an emergent thoracostomy for traumatic pneumothorax or hemothorax is unknown. Both small catheter tube thoracostomy and large-bore chest tube thoracostomy have been shown to work for the nonemergent management of patients with traumatic pneumothorax or hemothorax. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of a small chest tube with that of a large tube in emergent thoracostomy due to chest trauma.

Magnetoelectric Behavior from S=1/2 Asymmetric Square Cupolas.

Magnetoelectric properties are studied by a combined experimental and theoretical study of a quasi-two-dimensional material composed of square cupolas, Ba(TiO)Cu_{4}(PO_{4})_{4}. The magnetization is measured up to the field above the saturation, and several anomalies are observed depending on the field directions. We propose a S=1/2 spin model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, which reproduces the full magnetization curves well.

Magnetodielectric detection of magnetic quadrupole order in Ba(TiO)Cu(PO) with CuO square cupolas.

In vortex-like spin arrangements, multiple spins can combine into emergent multipole moments. Such multipole moments have broken space-inversion and time-reversal symmetries, and can therefore exhibit linear magnetoelectric (ME) activity. Three types of such multipole moments are known: toroidal; monopole; and quadrupole moments.

Executive function and magnitude skills in preschool children.

Executive function (EF) has been highlighted as a potentially important factor for mathematical understanding. The relation has been well established in school-aged children but has been less explored at younger ages. The current study investigated the relation between EF and mathematics in preschool-aged children.

Characteristics and diagnostic pitfalls of spontaneous visceral artery dissection in the emergency department.

Background: Spontaneous visceral artery dissection (VAD) is a rare disease that mainly occurs in the superior mesenteric artery and celiac artery. However, VAD has been detected more frequently in the past several years because of the increasing use of computed tomography (CT) for the evaluation of abdominal symptoms. A prompt diagnosis and referral to a specialist should be made, because VAD occasionally causes critical bowel ischemia.

A(2+) Cation Control of Chiral Domain Formation in A(TiO)Cu4(PO4)4 (A = Ba, Sr).

Single crystals of two novel tetragonal chiral materials, A(TiO)Cu4(PO4)4 (A = Ba, Sr), were grown from Na2Mo2O7 flux, and their crystal and chiral domain structures were characterized. Polarized-light microscopy studies of the chiral domain structures in the crystals show that Ba(TiO)Cu4(PO4)4 mostly hosts a multidomain state, while a monodomain state predominantly appears in Sr(TiO)Cu4(PO4)4. To explain this striking difference, we quantified the chirality strength of these materials by comparing atomic positions in the chiral and nearest-achiral crystal structures, revealing larger chirality strength in Sr(TiO)Cu4(PO4)4 than in Ba(TiO)Cu4(PO4)4.

Differential neural activity patterns for spatial relations in humans: a MEG study.

Children learn the words for above-below relations earlier than for left-right relations, despite treating these equally well in a simple visual categorization task. Even as adults--conflicts in congruency, such as when a stimulus is depicted in a spatially incongruent manner with respect to salient global cues--can be challenging. Here we investigated the neural correlates of encoding and maintaining in working memory above-below and left-right relational planes in 12 adults using magnetoencephalography in order to discover whether above-below relations are represented by the brain differently than left-right relations.

Blunt thoracic aortic injury with small pseudoaneurysm may be managed by nonoperative treatment.

Objective: The efficacy of nonoperative management of blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) was evaluated in patients with pseudoaneurysm.

Methods: A retrospective review was done for patients with BTAI at Fukui Prefectural Hospital during a 9-year period. Charts were reviewed for age, gender, Injury Severity Score, Abbreviated Injury Scale for each body area, initial type of aortic injury, site of aortic injury, type of definitive management, complications, and outcomes.

An information theory analysis of spatial decisions in cognitive development.

Performance in a cognitive task can be considered as the outcome of a decision-making process operating across various knowledge domains or aspects of a single domain. Therefore, an analysis of these decisions in various tasks can shed light on the interplay and integration of these domains (or elements within a single domain) as they are associated with specific task characteristics. In this study, we applied an information theoretic approach to assess quantitatively the gain of knowledge across various elements of the cognitive domain of spatial, relational knowledge, as a function of development.