Research design and baseline participant characteristics of the Resilient, Empowered, Active Living with Diabetes - Telehealth (REAL-T) Study: A randomized controlled trial for young adults with type 1 diabetes.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic condition affecting nearly 1.9 million people in the United States. Young adults (YAs) with T1D face unique challenges in managing their condition, experiencing poorer health and well-being than other age groups.

Global Landscape of Encephalitis: Key Priorities to Reduce Future Disease Burden.

Encephalitis affects people across the lifespan, has high rates of mortality and morbidity, and results in significant neurological sequelae with long-term consequences to quality of life and wider society. The true incidence is currently unknown due to inaccurate reporting systems. The disease burden of encephalitis is unequally distributed across the globe being highest in low- and middle-income countries where resources are limited.

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous cell carcinoma of HIV-infected and non-infected patients.

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is overexpressed in cervical carcinoma, hindering tumor destruction. The aim of this study was to assess PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) from human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV+) and human immunodeficiency virus-negative (HIV-) patients. A total of 166 SCC and SIL samples of HIV+ and HIV- patients were included and analyzed for PD-L1 expression through tumor proportion score (TPS), and results were stratified in five TPS groups using SP263 antibody and, combined positive score (CPS) using 22C3 antibody.

Neurotransmission-related gene expression in the frontal pole is altered in subjects with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

The frontal pole (Brodmann area 10, BA10) is the largest cytoarchitectonic region of the human cortex, performing complex integrative functions. BA10 undergoes intensive adolescent grey matter pruning prior to the age of onset for bipolar disorder (BP) and schizophrenia (SCHIZ), and its dysfunction is likely to underly aspects of their shared symptomology. In this study, we investigated the role of BA10 neurotransmission-related gene expression in BP and SCHIZ.

Postpartum Glucose Tolerance Testing Among Patients With Gestational Diabetes During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Introduction The impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) COVID-19 pandemic on the care of pregnant patients with gestational diabetes (GDM) is largely unreported. The objective of this study was to compare the completion of postpartum oral glucose tolerance testing (GTT) prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic among patients with GDM. Methods This was a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with GDM between April 2019 and March 2021.

Beta-HCG secretion by a pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma: A case report.

Ectopic secretion of beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) in pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma is remarkably rare. Such unusual ectopic hormone production by lung cancer may be initially misinterpreted as extragonadal choriocarcinoma or germ cell tumor. We report a 56-year-old postmenopausal female, smoker, who presented a 5-month history of progressive dyspnea, dry paroxysmal cough, and significant weight loss.

Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura: A giant finding, a benign entity?

Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) is a rare tumor. The prognosis is relatively good, but up to 20% of the cases are malignant. We presented a case of a large mass of the thorax, showing malignant poor prognosis features.

Detection of HIV mRNA in routine liquid-based cytology specimens of HIV-infected women.

Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus-infected women have a high incidence of HPV infection, and HIV and HPV coinfection is associated with high incidence of cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer. This study investigated the ability to detect HIV mRNA in routine screening cervical liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples and its correlation with HPV coinfection and cervical intraepithelial lesions.

Methods: Liquid-based cytology samples from 80 HIV-infected women under combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) were studied for detection of HIV and HPV mRNA using Aptima tests and for cytology diagnosis according to the 2014 Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology.

CD4 and CD8 cell populations in HIV-positive women with cervical squamous intra-epithelial lesions and squamous cell carcinoma.

Introduction: This study aimed to analyse cervical lymphocytic populations in HIV+ and HIV- patients and correlate different cervical lesions with HIV viral load and presence of high-risk HPV types.

Material And Methods: A total of 132 histological specimens from 40 HIV+ and 72 HIV- patients were evaluated for CD4 and CD8 T cell distribution, presence of high-risk HPV types, peripheral blood HIV viral load and CD4/CD8 ratio.

Results: High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from HIV+ patients had lower CD4 T cell scores compared with HIV- patients.

Accurate detection of Zika virus IgG using a novel immune complex binding ELISA.

Objectives: Accurate serological assays are urgently needed to support public health responses to Zika virus (ZIKV) infection with its potential to cause foetal damage during pregnancy. Current flavivirus serology for ZIKV infections lacks specificity due to cross-reacting antibodies from closely related other flaviviruses. In this study, we evaluated novel serological tests for accurate ZIKV IgG detection.

Congenital Absence of the Internal Carotid Artery With Intercavernous Anastomosis.

Absence of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a rare congenital anomaly. Six pathways of alternative collateral circulation have been described. We present a case depicting absence of the left ICA and a Lie type D pattern of collateral circulation, with an intercavernous branch from the right cavernous ICA passing along the floor of the sella to the contralateral side, supplying the left middle cerebral artery.

Effectiveness of social media (Facebook), targeted mailing, and in-person solicitation for the recruitment of young adult in a diabetes self-management clinical trial.

Background/aims: Research is needed to identify promising recruitment strategies to reach and engage diverse young adults in diabetes clinical research. The aim of this study was to examine the relative strengths and weaknesses of three recruitment strategies used in a diabetes self-management clinical trial: social media advertising (Facebook), targeted mailing, and in-person solicitation of clinic patients.

Methods: Strategies were compared in terms of (1) cost-effectiveness (i.

Functional impairment of cortical AMPA receptors in schizophrenia.

Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that some of the behavioral alterations observed in schizophrenia (SZ) may be mechanistically linked to synaptic dysfunction of glutamatergic signaling. Recent genetic and proteomic studies suggest alterations of cortical glutamate receptors of the AMPA-type (AMPARs), which are the predominant ligand-gated ionic channels of fast transmission at excitatory synapses. The impact of gene and protein alterations on the electrophysiological activity of AMPARs is not known in SZ.

Pleural Sarcoidosis and Occult Lymphatic Anthracosis: An Unusual Symptomatic Association.

Unlabelled: Sarcoidosis is a chronic multisystemic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology. Virtually any organ or system can be involved, resulting in a wide range of clinical presentation. Pleural sarcoidosis is rare.

Yellow fever epizootics in non-human primates, Southeast and Northeast Brazil (2017 and 2018).

Background: Yellow fever (YF) is a severe, infectious, but non-communicable arboviral hemorrhagic disease. In the last decades, yellow fever virus (YFV) infections have been prevalent in endemic areas in Brazil, affecting human and non-human primate (NHP) populations. Monitoring of NHP infection started in 1999, and reports of epizootic diseases are considered important indicators of viral transmission, particularly in relation to the sylvatic cycle.

Effects of trust-based decision making in disrupted supply chains.

The United States has experienced prolonged severe shortages of vital medications over the past two decades. The causes underlying the severity and prolongation of these shortages are complex, in part due to the complexity of the underlying supply chain networks, which involve supplier-buyer interactions across multiple entities with competitive and cooperative goals. This leads to interesting challenges in maintaining consistent interactions and trust among the entities.

Yellow Fever Virus Reemergence and Spread in Southeast Brazil, 2016-2019.

The recent reemergence of yellow fever virus (YFV) in Brazil has raised serious concerns due to the rapid dissemination of the virus in the southeastern region. To better understand YFV genetic diversity and dynamics during the recent outbreak in southeastern Brazil, we generated 18 complete and nearly complete genomes from the peak of the epidemic curve from nonhuman primates (NHPs) and human infected cases across the Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states. Genomic sequencing of 18 YFV genomes revealed the estimated timing, source, and likely routes of yellow fever virus transmission and dispersion during one of the largest outbreaks ever registered in Brazil.

Field diagnosis and genotyping of chikungunya virus using a dried reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay and MinION sequencing.

Detection and sequencing of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) genome was performed using a combination of a modified reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method and a MinION sequencer. We developed the protocol for drying all the reagents for the RT-LAMP in a single reaction tube. Using this system, the CHIKV genome was effectively amplified under isothermal conditions, and used as a template for MinION sequencing with a laptop computer.