NFAT5 Deficiency Alleviates Formalin-Induced Inflammatory Pain Through mTOR.

Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT5) is a well-known transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in osmotic stress. However, the role of NFAT5 in inflammatory pain remains unknown. Here, we studied the function of NFAT5 in inflammatory pain using NFAT5-heterozygous (Het) mice.

The comparison of the effects of intravenous ketamine or dexmedetomidine infusion on spinal block with bupivacaine.

Background: Ketamine and dexmedetomidine are commonly used for sedation and analgesia in patients. We tried to compare the effects of intravenous ketamine and dexmedetomidine infusion on spinal block with bupivacaine.

Methods: Ninety American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I or II patients, who were scheduled to spinal anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 30).

Effect of pretreatment with palonosetron on withdrawal movement associated with rocuronium injection.

Background: The main disadvantage of rocuronium is the pain associated with vascular injection. We evaluated the efficacy of palonosetron for reducing pain after rocuronium injection.

Methods: EIGHTY PATIENTS SCHEDULED FOR ELECTIVE SURGERY WERE RANDOMLY DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS: Group C (normal saline 1.

Enhanced four-wave-mixing effects by large group indices of one-dimensional silicon photonic crystal waveguides.

Enhanced four-wave-mixing (FWM) effects have been observed with the help of large group-indices near the band edges in one-dimensional (1-D) silicon photonic crystal waveguides (Si PhCWs). A significant increase of the FWM conversion efficiency of about 17 dB was measured near the transmission band edge of the 1-D PhCW through an approximate 3.2 times increase of the group index from 8 to 24 with respect to the central transmission band region despite a large group-velocity dispersion.

Experimental and numerical analysis on temporal dynamics of polarization switching in an injection-locked 1.55-μm wavelength VCSEL.

We present experimental and numerical study of temporal characteristics of injection-locked polarization switching of a conventional-type 1.55-μm wavelength single-mode vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). Delayed recovery response of the main-mode of the VCSEL was observed when short and strong optical injection pulses of an orthogonal polarization to the VCSEL's main polarization-mode were applied.

Absolute refractive index measurement method over a broad wavelength region based on white-light interferometry.

We report a simple method of measuring the absolute values of the phase refractive index of an optical material of a flat plate shape over a wide spectral range at a single measurement run. A white-light interferometric technique with angle rotation of the optical plate sample located in one of the interferometer arms was used in this method. The validity of this method was proved by measuring the absolute phase refractive indices of flat plate samples of fused silica and BK7, and by comparing them with calculated values from their well-known Sellmeier dispersion formulas.

A novel method for measuring continuous dispersion spectrum of electro-optic coefficients of nonlinear materials.

We report, for the first time to our knowledge, a novel and simple method for measuring continuous dispersion spectrum of unclamped linear electro-optic (EO) coefficient using a white-light interferometry. This method detects phase changes of the interference patterns with and without an applied electric voltage, and allows a simultaneous measurement of wavelength and polarization dependent EO coefficients of birefringent materials. Both of the unclamped EO coefficients, r(13) (T) and r(33) (T), of a congruent LiNbO(3) (LN) crystal have been measured simultaneously with the method, and their continuous dispersion curves have been also obtained.