Multicolor-Raman analysis of Korean paintworks: emission-like Raman collection efficiency.

It has been reported that the scattering cross-sections of resonance Raman spectra strongly depend on the resonance between the laser's excitation energy and the electronic absorption band of pigments in solution. However, the actual collection of scattered photons is affected by diffuse scattering and self-absorption when studying painted colorants in artworks. Quantitative spectroscopic measurements are required to elucidate the apparent resonance Raman cross-sections in both solution and solid.

Coping and rumination as mediators in the development of reactive embitterment in the general population.

Objective: Embitterment encapsulates reactive emotions such as worthlessness or helplessness after negative life events that contravene one's basic beliefs. However, no psychological model of the development of persistent embitterment has yet been investigated. We examined mediating factors for reactive embitterment, focusing on cognitive processes, including coping and rumination, among young South Korean adults.

Unraveling the Mechanism of Water-Mediated Sulfur Tolerance via Operando Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

While several proton-conducting anode materials have shown excellent tolerance to sulfur poisoning, the mechanism is still unclear due largely to the inability to probe miniscule amounts of sulfur-containing species using conventional surface characterization techniques. Here we present our findings in unraveling the mechanism of water-mediated sulfur tolerance of a proton conductor under operating conditions empowered by surface-sensitive, operando surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) coupled with impedance spectroscopy. Contrary to the conventional view that surface-adsorbed sulfur is removed mainly by oxygen anions, it is found that -SO groups on the surface of the proton conductor are converted to SO by a water-mediated process, as confirmed by operando SERS analysis and density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations.

Psychological Responses among Humidifier Disinfectant Disaster Victims and Their Families.

To substantiate psychological symptoms following humidifier disinfectant (HD) disasters, counseling records of 26 victims and 92 family members of victims (45 were bereaved) were analyzed retrospectively. Among the victims, 34.6% had Clinical Global Impression-Severity scores of over 4, which meant they were moderately ill.

A tailored double perovskite nanofiber catalyst enables ultrafast oxygen evolution.

Rechargeable metal-air batteries and water splitting are highly competitive options for a sustainable energy future, but their commercialization is hindered by the absence of cost-effective, highly efficient and stable catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. Here we report the rational design and synthesis of a double perovskite PrBaSrCoFeO nanofiber as a highly efficient and robust catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction. Co-doping of strontium and iron into PrBaCoO is found to be very effective in enhancing intrinsic activity (normalized by the geometrical surface area, ∼4.

[The stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth of dispatched firefighters following the Great East Japan Earthquake].

This study investigated posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth among 534 fire fighters who were dispatched to the disaster area following the Great East Japan Earthquake. Specifically, we investigated the effect of acute stress symptoms and social support from peers and family on posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, and posttraumatic growth one year after being dispatched. We found that dispatched fire fighters experienced posttraumatic growth as well as posttraumatic stress symptoms following disaster work.

Fe@N-Graphene Nanoplatelet-Embedded Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

via a novel and simple synthesis approach. The activated CNF-Fe@NGnP catalysts exhibit substantially improved activity for the oxygen reduction reaction compared to those of commercial carbon blacks and Pt/carbon catalysts.

Nanostructured Double Perovskite Cathode With Low Sintering Temperature For Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.

This study focuses on reducing the cathode polarization resistance through the use of mixed ionic electronic conductors and the optimization of cathode microstructure to increase the number of electrochemically active sites. Among the available mixed ionic electronic conductors (MIECs), the layered perovskite GdBa0.5 Sr0.

Antimony-doped graphene nanoplatelets.

Heteroatom doping into the graphitic frameworks have been intensively studied for the development of metal-free electrocatalysts. However, the choice of heteroatoms is limited to non-metallic elements and heteroatom-doped graphitic materials do not satisfy commercial demands in terms of cost and stability. Here we realize doping semimetal antimony (Sb) at the edges of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) via a simple mechanochemical reaction between pristine graphite and solid Sb.

[Effects of empathy on fund-raising activities on behalf of victims of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, focusinig on the residents in the South Kanto area].

Fund-raising activities on behalf of victims of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake during the year after the earthquake were investigated in residents of the South Kanto area (N = 749), which is adjacent to the disaster area. The percentage of people that raised funds was 67.4%.

Development of double-perovskite compounds as cathode materials for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.

A class of double-perovskite compounds display fast oxygen ion diffusion and high catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction while maintaining excellent compatibility with the electrolyte. The astoundingly extended stability of NdBa(1-x)Ca(x)Co2O(5+δ) (NBCaCO) under both air and CO2-containing atmosphere is reported along with excellent electrochemical performance by only Ca doping into the A site of NdBaCo2O(5+δ) (NBCO). The enhanced stability can be ascribed to both the increased electron affinity of mobile oxygen species with Ca, determined through density functional theory calculations and the increased redox stability from the coulometric titration.

Is traumatic stress research global? A bibliometric analysis.

Background: The representation of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) in traumatic stress research is important to establish a global evidence base, build research capacity, and reduce the burden of unmet mental health needs around the world. Reviews of the traumatic stress literature up to 2002 showed trends toward globalization although LMIC were only marginally represented compared to high-income countries (HIC).

Objective: To examine the global nature of current traumatic stress research.

Highly efficient and robust cathode materials for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells: PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co(2-x)Fe(x)O(5+δ).

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are the cleanest, most efficient, and cost-effective option for direct conversion to electricity of a wide variety of fuels. While significant progress has been made in anode materials with enhanced tolerance to coking and contaminant poisoning, cathodic polarization still contributes considerably to energy loss, more so at lower operating temperatures. Here we report a synergistic effect of co-doping in a cation-ordered double-perovskite material, PrBa0.

[The influence of attitude of inhibiting spousal disclosure about stress on the mental health of firefighters].

The present study focused on attitudes related to inhibiting spousal disclosure about stress as an influential factor for the mental health of firefighters. In a pilot study using semi-structured interviews (N = 14), we found that some firefighters usually did not talk about their stresses with their spouses. Some reasons were that they were hiding their weakness, were feeling sure of controlling their stress, out of consideration for their spouse, were giving up on the possibility for improving the situation after spousal disclosure, or hoped to distract themselves.

Expression of the stem cell markers CD133 and nestin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and clinical relevance.

Background: To evaluate the prognostic implication of cancer stem cell markers in pancreac ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the expression of CD133 and nestin were investigated in a series of PDAC patients in relation to the survival rate.

Methods: This series included 42 cases of PDAC patients and evaluated the stem cell markers CD133 and nestin expression detected by immunohistochemistry. The presence of immunopositive tumor cells considering intensity and area was evaluated and interpreted in comparison to the patients' clinicopathological and survival data.