Continuous long-range measurement of tonic dopamine with advanced FSCV for pharmacodynamic analysis of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease.

Levodopa, a dopamine prodrug, alleviates the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), but its chronic use gives rise to levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). However, it remains unclear whether levodopa pharmacodynamics is altered during the progressive onset of LID. Using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and second-derivative-based background drift removal, we continuously measured tonic dopamine levels using high temporal resolution recording over 1-h.

Simultaneous Estimation of Tonic Dopamine and Serotonin with High Temporal Resolution In Vitro Using Deep Learning.

Quantitative measurement of the phasic (changes in several seconds) and tonic (changes in minutes to hours) level changes of neurotransmitters is an essential technique for understanding brain functions and brain diseases regulated by the neurotransmitters. However, monitoring phasic and tonic levels of multiple neurotransmitters is still a challenging technology. Microdialysis can measure the tonic levels of multiple neurotransmitters simultaneously but has a low temporal resolution (minute) to analyze precisely.

A Microfluidic System for Investigating Anticipatory Medication Effects on Dopamine Homeostasis in Dopaminergic Cells.

Dopamine (DA) homeostasis influences emotions, neural circuit development, cognition, and the reward system. Dysfunctions in DA regulation can lead to neurological disorders, including depression, developmental disorders, and addiction. DA homeostasis disruption is a primary cause of Parkinson's Disease (PD).

Second-Derivative-Based Background Drift Removal for a Tonic Dopamine Measurement in Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry.

The dysregulation of dopamine, a neuromodulator, is associated with a broad spectrum of brain disorders, including Parkinson's disease, addiction, and schizophrenia. Quantitative measurements of dopamine are essential for understanding dopamine functional dynamics. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is the most popular electrochemical technique for measuring real-time in vivo dopamine level changes.

ICoRD: iterative correlation-based ROI detection method for the extraction of neural signals in calcium imaging.

calcium imaging is a standard neuroimaging technique that allows selective observation of target neuronal activities. In calcium imaging, neuron activation signals provide key information for the investigation of neural circuits. For efficient extraction of the calcium signals of neurons, selective detection of the region of interest (ROI) pixels corresponding to the active subcellular region of the target neuron is essential.