Expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 and 2 in oral lichen planus.

Background/purpose: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of oral mucosa. The present study investigated the expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD), a pivotal sensor protein of the innate immune system, in OLP.

Materials And Methods: Oral mucosal biopsies were collected from 20 patients with OLP and 6 individuals with normal oral mucosa (NOM).

The In vitro Effects of Nano-encapsulated Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Stability of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Fermentation Profiles in the Rumen.

This study was aimed to evaluate the stability of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) by nano-encapsulation against in vitro ruminal biohydrogenation by microbial enzymatic conversion. CLAs (free fatty acid form of CLA [CLA-FFA], nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA, triglyceride form of CLA [CLA-TG], and nano-encapsulated CLA-TG) were used in the in vitro fermentation experiments. When Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (B.

5-Nitro-5'-hydroxy-indirubin-3'-oxime (AGM130), an indirubin-3'-oxime derivative, inhibits tumor growth by inducing apoptosis against non-small cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo.

This study examined the anti-tumor effects of AGM130, a novel indirubin-3'-oxime derivative in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells. AGM130 significantly inhibited the proliferation and arrested the cell cycle of G2/M phase. Induction of apoptosis was detected in AGM130-treated A549 cells.

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) activation induces apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Objectives: Microbial Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (NODs), are essential for mammalian innate immune response. This study was designed to determine the effect of NOD1 and NOD2 agonist on innate immune responses and antitumor activity in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells.

Materials And Methods: NODs expression was examined by RT-PCR, and IL-8 production by NODs agonist was examined by ELISA.

Synthesized Pheophorbide a-mediated photodynamic therapy induced apoptosis and autophagy in human oral squamous carcinoma cells.

Background: Pheophorbide a (Pa) is a chlorine-based photosensitizer derived from an ethnopharmacological herb, and our group recently synthesized Pa by the removal of a magnesium ion and a phytyl group from chlorophyll-a. In this study, the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with synthesized Pa was examined in a human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells.

Methods: Cells were treated with PDT with Pa, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential [ΔΨ (m)] were examined.

Toll-like receptor 7 agonist, imiquimod, inhibits oral squamous carcinoma cells through apoptosis and necrosis.

Background: Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have anticancer effect by inducing apoptosis or activating immune cells. In this study, we investigated whether imiquimod, TLR7 agonist, inhibits the proliferation of oral cancer cells.

Methods: Toll-like receptor 7 expression and IL-6/8 production by imiquimod were examined using RT-PCR and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.

Pheophorbide a-mediated photodynamic therapy induces apoptotic cell death in murine oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with several photosensitizers is a promising modality for the treatment of cancer. In this study, the therapeutic effect of PDT using the synthetic photosensitizer pheophorbide a (Pa-PDT) was examined in AT-84 murine oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. The MTT assay revealed that Pa-PDT induced cell growth inhibition in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

Homeobox C5 expression is associated with the progression of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis.

Background: Aberrant expression of homeobox genes (HOX), normally required for the differentiation of a particular tissue, has been reported in several types of cancer, but poorly addressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study investigated the expression of HOXC5 in OSCC and identified molecular biomarker whose expression is associated with the multistep oral carcinogenesis.

Methods: The expression of HOXC5, proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Bcl-2 was examined by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis and confirmed by immunohistochemistry and transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay in a 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis model.

Poly I:C inhibits cell proliferation and enhances the growth inhibitory effect of paclitaxel in oral sqaumous cell carcinoma.

Objective: Toll-like receptors (TLR) signaling has dual effect of promoting tumor progression and anti-cancer property. This study was designed to determine the effect of polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid (poly I:C), a TLR3 agonist, on the proliferation of oral cancer cells.

Materials And Methods: Human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, YD-10B and YD-8, were used.

The quadruple test for Down syndrome screening in pregnant women of advanced maternal age.

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to determine whether or not the quadruple test for screening Down syndrome is an effective method to replace direct amniocentesis in pregnant women ≥ 35 years of age.

Methods: This study analyzed the screening performance of the quadruple test according to maternal age at delivery among subjects who had a quadruple screening test at 1 of 4 hospitals during a 5-year period and for whom data on fetal chromosomal abnormalities were available.

Results: The study population of 9,435 pregnant women was divided into 3 groups according to maternal age: 6,922 women were < 35 years of age; 2,284 were 35-39 years of age; and 229 women ≥ 40 years of age.

Transforming growth factor β1 promotes migration of human periodontal ligament cells through heat shock protein 27 phosphorylation.

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) regulates cellular functions including cell growth, differentiation, and migration. However, signal transduction pathways of TGF-β1 are mostly undefined in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. In this study, we investigated TGF β1-induced migration focusing on heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) activation.

5'-Nitro-indirubinoxime, an indirubin derivative, suppresses metastatic ability of human head and neck cancer cells through the inhibition of Integrin β1/FAK/Akt signaling.

Head and neck cancer is a malignant cancer and has the high infiltrative potential leading to metastasis. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of 5'-nitro-indirubinoxime (5'-NIO), an indirubin derivative, on metastasis of head and neck cancer cells and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in this process. After treatment of head and neck cancer cells with 5'-NIO, cell metastatic behaviors such as colony formation, invasion, and migration were inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner.

p-HPEA-EDA, a phenolic compound of virgin olive oil, activates AMP-activated protein kinase to inhibit carcinogenesis.

Phenolic constituents of virgin olive oil are reported to have antitumor activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and specific target proteins of virgin olive oil remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that dialdehydic form of decarboxymethyl ligstroside aglycone (p-HPEA-EDA), a phenolic compound of virgin olive oil, inhibits tumor promoter-induced cell transformation in JB6 Cl41 cells and suppress cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumorigenicity by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in HT-29 cells.

Lipopolysaccharide promotes adhesion and migration of murine dental papilla-derived MDPC-23 cells via TLR4.

Odontoblasts and/or dental pulp cells are responsible for tooth repair and dentin formation. Furthermore, adhesion and migration are critical processes for tissue regeneration. This study was performed to clarify whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modulates adhesion and migration of the murine odontoblast-like cell line MDPC-23, and whether Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is engaged in this process.

Amurensin G, a potent natural SIRT1 inhibitor, rescues doxorubicin responsiveness via down-regulation of multidrug resistance 1.

The transition from a chemotherapy-responsive cancer to a chemotherapy-resistant one is accompanied by increased expression of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1, p-glycoprotein), which plays an important role in the efflux from the target cell of many anticancer agents. We recently showed that a Forkhead box-containing protein of the O subfamily 1 (FoxO1) is a key regulator of MDR1 gene transcription. Because nuclear localization of FoxO1 is regulated by silent information regulator two ortholog 1 (SIRT1) deacetylase, we wondered whether SIRT1 dominates MDR1 gene expression in breast cancer cells.

Transforming growth factor beta1-induced heat shock protein 27 activation promotes migration of mouse dental papilla-derived MDPC-23 cells.

Introduction: Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) regulates cellular functions including cell growth, differentiation, angiogenesis, migration, and metastasis. The TGFbeta1 signal transduction pathways are mostly undefined in mouse dental papilla-derived MDPC-23 cells. In this study, we investigated TGFbeta1-induced migration focusing on heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) activation.

5,5'-substituted indirubin-3'-oxime derivatives as potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors with anticancer activity.

To enhance the ability of indirubin derivatives to inhibit CDK2/cyclin E, a target of anticancer agents, we designed and synthesized a new series of indirubin-3'-oxime derivatives with combined substitutions at the 5 and 5' positions. A molecular docking study predicted the binding of derivatives with OH or halogen substitutions at the 5' position to the ATP binding site of CDK2, revealing the critical interactions that may explain the improved CDK2 inhibitory activity of these derivatives. Among the synthesized derivatives, the 5-nitro-5'-hydroxy analogue 3a and the 5-nitro-5'-fluoro analogue 5a displayed potent inhibitory activity against CDK2, with IC(50) values of 1.

The antitumor effect of PLK1 and HSF1 double knockdown on human oral carcinoma cells.

High levels of mitotic progression-associated PLK1 and stress-associated HSF1 have been observed in various human cancers. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PLK1 and HSF1 knockdown on the proliferation of oral cancer cells using small interfering RNA. In human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissues, the levels of PLK1 and HSF1 were higher compared to normal tissues.

5'-Nitro-indirubinoxime induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in salivary gland adenocarcinoma cells through the inhibition of Notch-1 signaling.

Background: 5'-Nitro-indirubinoxime (5'-NIO) is a new derivative of indirubin that exhibits anti-cancer activity in a variety of human cancer cells. However, its mechanism has not been fully clarified.

Methods: Human salivary gland adenocarcinoma (SGT) cells were used in this study.

Efficient preparation of highly pure chlorin e6 and its photodynamic anti-cancer activity in a rat tumor model.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently being used as an alternative therapeutic modality for a variety of malignant tumors. This study was performed to show an efficient preparation of second generation of photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) with high yield and purity, and to test antitumor activity of Ce6-induced PDT (Ce6-PDT) both in vitro and in vivo using a rat tumor model. Three-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were inoculated s.