System tolerance of all-optical sampling OFDM using AWG discrete Fourier transform.

The fundamental-mode arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) for all-optical discrete Fourier transformer (DFT) shows significant feasibility in the system tolerance of all-optical sampling orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (AOS-OFDM) systems. We discuss the system tolerance of AWG-based DFT designs for 100/160Gbps OFDM transmission system in comparison with coupler-based DFT designs.

Anaerobic organic acid production of food waste in once-a-day feeding and drawing-off bioreactor.

Acidogenesis of food waste was studied in a 2-L reactor with semi-continuous mode operation (once-a-day feeding and draw-off) for maximum 65 days to examine optimal volatile acid compositions for biological nitrogen removal (BNR) and enhanced biological phosphorus removal (ENPR). Various operational parameters of hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate (ORL), pH and temperature were investigated for soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), volatile fatty acid composition, nitrogen and phosphate. The yields (gTVFA/g VS) and the volumetric productivity (gTVFA/d L) increased with HRT from 0.