Mussel-inspired enzyme immobilization and dual real-time compensation algorithms for durable and accurate continuous glucose monitoring.

Blood glucose sensing is very important for diabetic management. It is shifting towards a continuous glucose monitoring because such a system can alleviate patient suffering and provide a large number of glucose measurements. Here, we proposed a novel approach for the development of durable and accurate enzymatic continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS).

A selective glucose sensor based on direct oxidation on a bimetal catalyst with a molecular imprinted polymer.

A selective nonenzymatic glucose sensor was developed based on the direct oxidation of glucose on hierarchical CuCo bimetal-coated with a glucose-imprinted polymer (GIP). Glucose was introduced into the GIP composed of Nafion and polyurethane along with aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA), which was formed on the bimetal electrode formed on a screen-printed electrode. The extraction of glucose from the GIP allowed for the selective permeation of glucose into the bimetal electrode surface for oxidation.

Disposable all-solid-state pH and glucose sensors based on conductive polymer covered hierarchical AuZn oxide.

Poly(terthiophene benzoic acid) (pTBA) layered-AuZn alloy oxide (AuZnOx) deposited on the screen printed carbon electrode (pTBA/AuZnOx/SPCE) was prepared to create a disposable all-solid-state pH sensor at first. Further, FAD-glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized onto the pTBA/AuZnOx/SPCE to fabricate a glucose sensor. The characterizations of the sensor probe reveal that AuZnOx forms a homogeneous hierarchical structure, and that the polymerized pTBA layer on the alloy oxide surface captures GOx covalently.

Interference Reduction in Glucose Detection by Redox Potential Tuning: New Glucose Meter Development.

A new glucose meter was developed employing a novel disposable glucose sensor strip comprising a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-glucose dehydrogenase (NAD-GDH) and a mixture of Fe compounds as a mediator. An iron complex, 5-(2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline iron(III) chloride (Fe-PhenTPy), was synthesized as a new mediator for the NAD-GDH system. Due to the high oxidation potential of the mediator, the detection potential was tuned to be more closely fitted toward the enzyme reaction potential, less than 400 mV (vs.

Single-stranded DNA aptamer that specifically binds to the influenza virus NS1 protein suppresses interferon antagonism.

Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of the influenza A virus (IAV) inhibits the host's innate immune response by suppressing the induction of interferons (IFNs). Therefore, blocking NS1 activity can be a potential strategy in the development of antiviral agents against IAV infection. In the present study, we selected a single-stranded DNA aptamer specific to the IAV NS1 protein after 15 cycles of systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) procedure and examined the ability of the selected aptamer to inhibit the function of NS1.

Activation of pluripotency genes by a nanotube-mediated protein delivery system.

The overexpression of cell reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog, and c-Myc) allows differentiated cells to revertto an earlier developmental stage. Differentiated cells can also be reprogrammed by directly delivering reprogramming proteins tagged with cell-penetrating peptides, which allow the proteins to pass through the cell membrane and into the cytoplasm-although this method has been an inefficient process. Here, we describe a novel technique for delivering reprogramming proteins into cells using titanium oxide (TiO2 ) nanotubes, which show no cytotoxic effects and do not affect cell proliferation.

Novel system for detecting SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein using an ssDNA aptamer.

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 affected thousands of people and an efficient diagnostic system is needed for accurate detection of SARS coronavirus (SARS CoV) to prevent or limit future outbreaks. Of the several SARS CoV structural proteins, the nucleocapsid protein has been shown to be a good diagnostic marker. In this study, an ssDNA aptamer that specifically binds to SARS CoV nucleocapsid protein was isolated from a DNA library containing 45-nuceotide random sequences in the middle of an 88mer single-stranded DNA.

Enhanced production of red blood cells in suspension by electrostatic interactions with culture plates.

Enucleation of erythroblasts, a critical step in the generation of red blood cells (RBCs), occurs at a low rate without cocultured stromal cells. Previously, the surface properties of the cell culture plate were not considered in the enucleation process, because the cells exist in suspension. Here, we show that a significantly higher rate of enucleation of erythroblasts occurred on the positively charged plates than on the negatively charged surfaces or the both negatively and positively charged plates.