Innovative Multiplex PCR Assay for Detection of , , and Genes in with Reference to the U.S. FDA's ().

is an important foodborne bacterium that causes severe gastroenteritis following the consumption of contaminated seafood. To identify and determine its pathogenicity, the U.S.

Development of Multienzyme Isothermal Rapid Amplification (MIRA) Combined with Lateral-Flow Dipstick (LFD) Assay to Detect Species-Specific and Pathogenic and Genes of .

causes severe gastroenteritis in humans after consuming contaminated raw or undercooked seafood. A species-specific marker, the thermolabile hemolysin () gene, and two pathogenic markers, thermostable-related hemolysin () and thermostable-direct hemolysin () genes, have been used to identify and determine its pathogenicity using both PCR and qPCR assays. To enable testing in field conditions with limited resources, this study aimed to develop a simple and rapid method to detect the species-specific () and pathogenic ( and ) genes of using multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) combined with a lateral-flow dipstick (LFD).

CD4 T lymphocyte responses to viruses and virus-relevant stimuli in teleost fish.

Fish diseases caused by viruses are a major threat to aquaculture. Development of disease protection strategies for sustainable fish aquaculture requires a better understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in antiviral defence. The innate and adaptive arms of the vertebrate immune system collaborate to mount an effective defence against viral pathogens.

Feeding Behavior Comparison of Bean Bugs, and on Different Soybean Cultivars.

(Fabricius) and (Stål) are the major pests that feed on soybean pods, seeds, and fruits. Higher populations and damage occur during the soybean maturity stages (podding to harvest). To compare the feeding behavior of and , we used the six most cultivated cultivars (Daepung-2ho, Daechan, Pungsannamul, Daewon, Seonpung, and Seoritae) in Korea using the electropenetrography (EPG) technique.

Serotype-identifying ions in using matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.

is a foodborne pathogen that can cause a potentially life-threatening infection, and almost all cases of human listeriosis are caused by isolates in serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a rapid, accurate, and high-throughput tool for clinical diagnosis and microbiological research. In the current study, we examined the potential of MALDI-TOF MS for rapid identification of the foodborne pathogen and to identify high-risk serotypes.

Antimicrobial Resistance, Pathogenic, and Molecular Characterization of from Diarrheal Patients in South Korea.

Diarrheal diseases due to foodborne are the leading cause of illness in humans. Here, we performed pathogenic typing, molecular typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests on seventy-five isolates of isolated from stool samples of patients suffering from foodborne diseases in Busan, South Korea. All the isolates were identified as by both biochemical analysis (API 20E system) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).

Development of Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Dipstick Assay To Detect Hemolysin Gene of Vibrio vulnificus in Oysters.

Abstract: Vibrio vulnificus inhabits estuarine waters around the world and can cause severe infections in people who eat contaminated raw or undercooked oysters. Although current detection methods are sensitive and specific, there are continuous demands for the development of rapid and accurate methods without a trained operator and equipment in the field conditions. Herein, we developed a simple and rapid method by detecting the hemolysin (vvh) gene of V.

Molecular Typing, Antibiotic Resistance and Enterotoxin Gene Profiles of Isolated from Humans in South Korea.

The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant has become a grave concern worldwide. In this study, 95 strains of isolated from stool samples were collected from Busan, South Korea to characterize their antimicrobial susceptibility, enterotoxin genes, and molecular typing using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay. Only two strains showed no drug resistance, whereas resistance to three or more antibiotics was observed in 87.

Membrane vesicles from antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transfer antibiotic-resistance to antibiotic-susceptible Escherichia coli.

Aim: Bacteria naturally produce membrane vesicles (MVs), which have been shown to contribute to the spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR) by delivering antibiotic-resistant substances to antibiotic-susceptible bacteria. Here, we aim to show that MVs from Gram-positive bacteria are capable of transferring β-lactam antibiotic-resistant substances to antibiotic-sensitive Gram-negative bacteria.

Materials And Methods: MVs were collected from a methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vesicle-mediated fusion with antimicrobial-sensitive Escherichia coli (RC85).

The Importance of Porins and β-Lactamase in Outer Membrane Vesicles on the Hydrolysis of β-Lactam Antibiotics.

Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane inhibiting the entry of antibiotics. Porins, found within the outer membrane, are involved in regulating the permeability of β-lactam antibiotics. β-lactamases are enzymes that are able to inactivate the antibacterial properties of β-lactam antibiotics.

Aerosol Delivery of Synthetic mRNA to Vaginal Mucosa Leads to Durable Expression of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies against HIV.

There is a clear need for low-cost, self-applied, long-lasting approaches to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in both men and women, even with the advent of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Broadly neutralizing antibodies represent an option to improve HIV prophylaxis, but intravenous delivery, cold-chain stability requirements, low cervicovaginal concentrations, and cost may preclude their use. Here, we present an approach to express the anti-GP120 broadly neutralizing antibody PGT121 in the primary site of inoculation, the female reproductive tract, using synthetic mRNA.

Outer membrane vesicles from β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli enable the survival of β-lactam-susceptible E. coli in the presence of β-lactam antibiotics.

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) containing various bacterial compounds are released from mainly gram-negative bacteria. Secreted OMVs play important roles in the ability of a bacterium to defend itself, and thus contribute to the survival of bacteria in a community. In this study, we collected OMVs from β-lactam antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli established by conjugation assay and the parental β-lactam antibiotic-susceptible strain, and performed comparative proteomic analysis to examine whether these OMVs carried β-lactam-resistant compounds.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry based identification of Edwardsiella ictaluri isolated from Vietnamese striped catfish (Pangasius hypothalamus).

Edwardsiella (E.) ictaluri is a major bacterial pathogen that affects commercially farmed striped catfish (Pangasius hypothalamus) in Vietnam. In a previous study, 19 strains of E.

Development of an immunochromatography assay kit for rapid detection of ranavirus.

Ranaviruses are large, double-stranded DNA viruses of the family Iridoviridae and are known to be primary pathogens in frogs, fish and other amphibians. These viruses have been shown to be highly adaptable and have the ability to cross species barriers, making them a potent threat to global biodiversity. There is therefore, a need for rapid and efficient diagnostic methods to control the spread of these viruses.

Combination treatment against scuticociliatosis by reducing the inhibitor effect of mucus in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.

The olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, is an economically important food fish in Japan and Korea. Scuticociliatosis is a major parasitic disease, and fatal infection with scuticociliates, or mixed infections with scuticociliates and other pathogenic agents (e.g.

Development of a multiplex PCR assay to detect Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus parauberis, and Streptococcus iniae in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

A multiplex PCR protocol was established to simultaneously detect major bacterial pathogens in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) including Edwardsiella (E.) tarda, Streptococcus (S.) parauberis, and S.

Phylogenomic network and comparative genomics reveal a diverged member of the ΦKZ-related group, marine vibrio phage ΦJM-2012.

Bacteriophages are the largest reservoir of genetic diversity. Here we describe the novel phage ΦJM-2012. This natural isolate from marine Vibrio cyclitrophicus possesses very few gene contents relevant to other well-studied marine Vibrio phages.

Heat shock protein profiles on the protein and gene expression levels in olive flounder kidney infected with Streptococcus parauberis.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been observed in cells exposed to a variety of stresses, including infectious pathogens. This study used a label-free, quantitative proteomic approach and transcriptional gene expression analysis to investigate infection-related HSP proteins and their encoding genes in whole kidneys from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). During Streptococcus parauberis infection in the flounder, the genes encoding Hsp10, Hsp40A4, Hsp40B6, Hsp40B11, Hsp60, Hsp70, glucose regulated protein 78 (Grp78), Hsp90α, Hsp90β and Grp94 were induced, and the protein levels of Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90α, Hsp90β and Grp94 were differentially regulated over time.

RNA-seq-based metatranscriptomic and microscopic investigation reveals novel metalloproteases of Neobodo sp. as potential virulence factors for soft tunic syndrome in Halocynthia roretzi.

Bodonids and trypanosomatids are derived from a common ancestor with the bodonids being a more primitive lineage. The Neobodonida, one of the three clades of bodonids, can be free-living, commensal or parasitic. Despite the ecological and evolutionary significance of these organisms, however, many of their biological and pathological features are currently unknown.

Bacterial classification of fish-pathogenic Mycobacterium species by multigene phylogenetic analyses and MALDI Biotyper identification system.

Mycobacterium marinum is difficult to distinguish from other species of Mycobacterium isolated from fish using biochemical methods. Here, we used genetic and proteomic analyses to distinguish three Mycobacterium strains: M. marinum strains MB2 and Europe were isolated from tropical and marine fish in Thailand and Europe, and Mycobacterium sp.