Mineralized Soft and Elastic Polymer Dot Hydrogel for a Flexible Self-Powered Electronic Skin Sensor.

We propose an integrated, self-powered, flexible electronic skin device containing an alginate-derived polymer dot (A-PD)-incorporated mineralized hydrogel-based energy storage unit and a chitosan-derived n-type carbon dot (N-CD)-based solar cell for an energy-harvesting unit. This study demonstrates a unique architecture of mineralized hydrogel comprising A-PD-incorporated poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/CaCO/laponite containing soft and sensitive layers, deposited with a polyaniline electrode to serve as an energy storage unit. The self-assembly was achieved through the ionic cross-linking between A-PD and PAA driven by the mineralization process, resulting in excellent dimensional stability and improved mechanical properties of the hydrogel.

Immunological benefits by ginseng through reciprocal regulation of Th17 and Treg cells during cyclosporine-induced immunosuppression.

Background: It is not clear whether ginseng affects cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced desirable immunosuppressive action. In this study, we evaluated the immunological influence of combined treatment of ginseng with CsA.

Methods: Using CD4+ T cells from mouse spleens stimulated with the T cell receptor (TCR) or allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (APCs), we examined the differentiation of naïve T cells into T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and their cytokine production during treatment by Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRGE) and/or CsA.

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor MK-0626 attenuates pancreatic islet injury in tacrolimus-induced diabetic rats.

Background: Tacrolimus (TAC)-induced pancreatic islet injury is one of the important causes of new-onset diabetes in transplant recipients. This study was performed to evaluate whether a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor is effective in improving TAC-induced diabetes mellitus by reducing pancreatic islet injury.

Methods: Rats were treated with TAC (1.

Combined treatment of tacrolimus and everolimus increases oxidative stress by pharmacological interactions.

Background: Drug-drug interaction between everolimus (EVR) and tacrolimus (TAC) is still undetermined. We evaluated whether EVR enhances TAC-induced organ injury through drug-drug interaction.

Methods: Tacrolimus (6 mg/kg) was given to rats with or without EVR (1 or 2 mg/kg) orally for 4 weeks.

Ginseng treatment attenuates autophagic cell death in chronic cyclosporine nephropathy.

Aims: Chronic cyclosporine (CsA) treatment induces autophagic cell death characterized by excessive autophagosome formation and decreased autophagic clearance. In this study, we evaluated the influence of ginseng treatment on autophagy in chronic CsA nephropathy.

Methods: Mice were treated with CsA (30 mg/kg) with or without Korean red ginseng (KRG) extract (0.

Oral administration of ginseng ameliorates cyclosporine-induced pancreatic injury in an experimental mouse model.

Background: This study was performed to investigate whether ginseng has a protective effect in an experimental mouse model of cyclosporine-induced pancreatic injury.

Methods: Mice were treated with cyclosporine (30 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) and Korean red ginseng extract (0.2 or 0.

Influence of N-acetylcysteine on Klotho expression and its signaling pathway in experimental model of chronic cyclosporine nephropathy in mice.

Background: Cyclosporine A (CsA)-associated oxidative stress has been proposed as an important mechanism of renal injury. This study was designed to examine whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant, affects Klotho, antiaging gene, expression and its signaling pathway in an experimental model of chronic CsA nephropathy.

Methods: Mice maintained on a low-sodium diet were given vehicle (olive oil, 1 mL/kg/day), CsA (30 mg/kg/day), NAC (150 mg/kg/day), or a combination of CsA and NAC for 4 weeks.

Ginseng treatment attenuates chronic cyclosporine nephropathy via reducing oxidative stress in an experimental mouse model.

Background: This study was performed to investigate whether ginseng extract has a protective effect in an experimental mouse model of chronic cyclosporine (CsA) nephropathy.

Methods: Mice were treated with CsA (30 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) with or without Korean red ginseng extract (KRG) (0.2, 0.

Human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells aggravate chronic cyclosporin nephrotoxicity by the induction of oxidative stress.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether hATMSCs protect against cyclosporine (CsA)-induced renal injury. CsA (7.5 mg/kg) and hATMSCs (3×10(6)/5 mL) were administered alone and together to rats for 4 weeks.

STAT3 and NF-kappaB signal pathway is required for IL-23-mediated IL-17 production in spontaneous arthritis animal model IL-1 receptor antagonist-deficient mice.

IL-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of a p19 subunit and the p40 subunit of IL-12. IL-23 has proinflammatory activity, inducing IL-17 secretion from activated CD4(+) T cells and stimulating the proliferation of memory CD4(+) T cells. We investigated the pathogenic role of IL-23 in CD4(+) T cells in mice lacking the IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra(-/-)), an animal model of spontaneous arthritis.