Microbiology and risk factors for gram-positive Cocci bacteremia in biliary infections.

Background: The rapid antibiotics treatment targeted to a specific pathogen can improve clinical outcomes of septicemia. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of biliary septicemia caused by cholangitis or cholecystitis according to causative organisms.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in 151 patients diagnosed with cholangitis or cholecystitis with bacterial septicemia from January 2013 to December 2015.

Udenafil, a Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor, Reduces Body Weight in High-Fat-Fed Mice.

Purpose: High-fat (HF) feeding induces hypothalamic leptin resistance via the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). TLR4 deficiency confers resistance to diet-induced obesity. Udenafil, an anti-impotence drug, inhibits TLR4 in airway epithelial cells in vitro.