Endoscopic vacuum therapy for gastrointestinal transmural defects: a literature review.

Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) has emerged as a transformative approach for managing gastrointestinal (GI) transmural defects, offering a less invasive and more promising alternative to surgery. Initially developed to address anastomotic leaks after rectal surgery, the application of EVT has expanded to include other locations within the GI tract. This review investigated the principles, indications, procedures, outcomes, challenges, and future perspectives of EVT for the management of GI transmural defects.

Association of Soy Foods With Gastric Cancer Considering : A Multi-Center Case-Control Study.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationship between soy food consumption and gastric cancer (GC) risk, accounting for infection status.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed data from patients with GC and healthy individuals prospectively enrolled by 6 hospitals between 2016 and 2018. Dietary intake was evaluated using questionnaires that categorized seven dietary habits and 19 food groups.

A Modified eCura System to Stratify the Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis in Undifferentiated-Type Early Gastric Cancer After Endoscopic Resection.

Purpose: The original eCura system was designed to stratify the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) after endoscopic resection (ER) in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC). We assessed the effectiveness of a modified eCura system for reflecting the characteristics of undifferentiated-type (UD)-EGC.

Materials And Methods: Six hundred thirty-four patients who underwent non-curative ER for UD-EGC and received either additional surgery (radical surgery group; n=270) or no further treatment (no additional treatment group; n=364) from 18 institutions between 2005 and 2015 were retrospectively included in this study.

Discrepant effect of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on esophageal and gastric cancer risk in a nationwide cohort.

Background: The relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and gastroesophageal cancer is not constant.

Methods: In this population-based cohort study, 4.518 million cancer-free individuals among those who underwent national cancer screening in 2010 were enrolled and followed up until December 2017.

Efficacy and safety of HIP1601 (dual delayed-release esomeprazole) 40 mg in erosive esophagitis compared to HGP1705 (delayed-release esomeprazole) 40 mg: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority study.

Background: Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most effective drugs for treating acid-related disorders. However, once-daily dosing with conventional PPIs fail to fully control acid secretion over 24 h. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of HIP1601 (dual delayed-release esomeprazole) and HGP1705 (delayed-release esomeprazole) in patients with erosive esophagitis (EE).

Ten-day tegoprazan-based concomitant therapy as a first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori eradication.

Background/aims: Tegoprazan, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, has shown rapid action and gastric acid inhibition. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a tegoprazan-based, nonbismuth-containing quadruple (concomitant) therapy for the primary eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, single-arm, single-center, primitive study to verify the efficacy of a 10-day tegoprazan- based (50-mg dose) concomitant therapy, including amoxicillin (1,000-mg dose), clarithromycin (CLA; 500-mg dose), and metronidazole (MET; 500-mg dose) twice daily as a first-line treatment for H.

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of DW1903 in Patients with Gastritis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Noninferiority, Multicenter, Phase 3 study.

Background/aims: H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) have been used to treat gastritis by inhibiting gastric acid. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are more potent acid suppressants than H2RA. However, the efficacy and safety of low-dose PPI for treating gastritis remain unclear.

Favorable Effect of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol on Gastric Cancer Mortality by Sex and Treatment Modality.

Studies on the effects of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) on gastric cancer mortality are few, and the results are inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the effects of HDL-C on gastric cancer mortality and conducted sub-group analysis by sex and treatment modality. Newly diagnosed patients with gastric cancer ( = 22,468) who underwent gastric cancer screening between January 2011 and December 2013 were included and followed up until 2018.

External Validation of the eCura System for Undifferentiated-Type Early Gastric Cancer with Noncurative Endoscopic Resection.

Background/aims: The eCura system, a scoring model for stratifying the lymph node metastasis risk after noncurative endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer (EGC), has been internally validated, primarily for differentiated-type EGC. We aimed to externally validate this model for undifferentiated-type EGC.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 634 patients who underwent additional surgery (radical surgery group, n=270) or were followed up without additional treatment (no additional treatment group, n=364) after noncurative endoscopic resection for undifferentiated-type EGC between 2005 and 2015.

Constant Association between Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Gastric Cancer Regardless of Site.

Background: Some epidemiologic factors and body mass index (BMI) have site-specific effects on gastric cancer. The site-specific effect of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and hyperglycemia on gastric cancer has not been reported.

Methods: This study included adults who underwent national gastric cancer screening in 2011 (n=5.

Sex-specific effects of fruit, vegetable, and red meat intake on the risk of gastric and esophageal cancer in a large cohort.

Background: Dietary effects on gastric and esophageal cancer by sex and smoking has rarely been investigated.

Methods: Individuals who had undergone national gastric cancer screening during 2008 and had no any cancer at baseline were enrolled and followed up to 2017. The gastric and esophageal cancer risk was measured using adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Comparison Trial between I-SCAN-Optical Enhancement and Chromoendoscopy for Evaluating the Horizontal Margins of Gastric Epithelial Neoplasms.

Background/aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a widely used treatment for gastric epithelial neoplasms. Accurate delineation of the horizontal margins is necessary for the complete resection of gastric epithelial neoplasms. Recently, image-enhanced endoscopy has been used to evaluate horizontal margins of gastric epithelial neoplasms.

Body Weight is Inversely Associated with Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination in Young and Middle Aged Adults.

Background: This study aimed to determine factors affecting serum levels of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies 2 months after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in young and middle aged healthy adults.

Materials And Methods: Healthcare workers who have no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, were enrolled at 2 months after second shot of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Antibody immunoglobulin G against the spike protein subunit of SARS-CoV-2 was semi-quantitatively measured using 4 commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.

Sex-specific effect of body mass index and fasting glucose on gastric cancer risk and all causes mortality; a cohort study of 5.17 million.

Background: Simultaneous evaluation of sex-specific effect of body mass index (BMI) and hyperglycemia on the risk of gastric cancer has been rarely reported. Here, we investigated the sex-specific effect of BMI and hyperglycemia on gastric cancer.

Methods: Persons who underwent National gastric cancer screening from 2006 to 2007 and had no gastric cancer at baseline, were enrolled and followed up to 2015.

Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels After 2 BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Doses.

Importance: The factors associated with long-term serum levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after COVID-19 vaccination in healthy individuals have rarely been investigated.

Objective: To investigate factors associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study included health care workers at Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital (Daegu, Korea) with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection who received 2 doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech; first dose, March 17-20, 2021; second dose, April 7-10, 2021).

Surface urban heat island in South Korea's new towns with different urban planning.

A new town is strategically built within a short period compared to naturally developed cities. It is considered an appropriate study area for analyzing the urban climate problems such as surface urban heat islands (SUHIs) that is differently generated according to urban planning and development. In this study, we suggest comprehensive method for determining and comparing changes in surface UHI distribution during 1989-2048 in two new towns with different urban planning.

Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) positive gastric cancer.

Genetic analysis and culturing techniques for gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) are progressing. NHPH is reported to accompany nodular gastritis, gastric MALT lymphoma, and mild gastritis. However, only a few gastric cancer cases infected by NHPH have been reported.

Predictive Factors for Differentiating Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors from Leiomyomas Based on Endoscopic Ultrasonography Findings in Patients with Gastric Subepithelial Tumors: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background/aims: The utility of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for differentiating gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and leiomyomas of the stomach is not well known. We aimed to evaluate the ability of EUS for differentiating gastric GISTs and leiomyomas.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with histopathologically proven GISTs (n=274) and leiomyomas (n=87).

Safety/Efficacy of Prucalopride in Korean Patients with Chronic Constipation: Post-marketing Surveillance.

Background/aims: Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder. Prucalopride is a dihydrobenzofurancarboxamide derivative with gastrointestinal prokinetic activities and is recommended as an appropriate choice in patients unresponsive to laxatives. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of prucalopride in Korean patients with chronic constipation, in whom laxatives were ineffective.

Effect of Sodium Alginate on Gastrointestinal Symptoms after Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with Biopsy: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background/aims: After esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with biopsy, some patients experience gastrointestinal symptoms. This study investigated the effect of sodium alginate on biopsy-related gastrointestinal symptoms.

Methods: In this open-label, randomized, controlled trial, patients undergoing EGD with biopsy were randomly assigned to a treatment or control group.

Sex difference of mortality by age and body mass index in gastric cancer.

Mortality difference by age, sex, body mass index (BMI) in gastric cancer (GC) has been controversial. We evaluated sex-specific mortality by age and BMI. A total of 5961 patients diagnosed with GC from 2005 to 2013 in a single tertiary center were included and were followed until December 2017.

Progressive alteration of DNA methylation of Alu, MGMT, MINT2, and TFPI2 genes in colonic mucosa during colorectal cancer development.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. It is characterized by different pathways of carcinogenesis and is a heterogeneous disease with diverse molecular landscapes that reflect histopathological and clinical information. Changes in the DNA methylation status of colon epithelial cells have been identified as critical components in CRC development and appear to be emerging biomarkers for the early detection and prognosis of CRC.