2021 Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System and Imaging-Based Management of Thyroid Nodules: Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology Consensus Statement and Recommendations.

Incidental thyroid nodules are commonly detected on ultrasonography (US). This has contributed to the rapidly rising incidence of low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma over the last 20 years. The appropriate diagnosis and management of these patients is based on the risk factors related to the patients as well as the thyroid nodules.

Radiofrequency Ablation of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) after > 10 years of follow-up.

Materials And Methods: This study included five patients who underwent RFA to treat PTMCs (five lesions, mean diameter 0.5 cm, range 0.

Follow-Up of Blebs and Bullae in Pilots 40 Years and Older Using CT.

Preventive treatment for incidentally detected blebs or bullae is required for fast jet pilots, but their aeromedical risk is not clearly proven. This is a retrospective study and includes 46 pilots 40 yr and older with incidentally detected emphysema-like changes (ELCs) comprising blebs or bullae in low-dose chest CT (LDCT) during health screening. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed imaging features.

Percutaneous cholecystostomy for biliary decompression in patients with cholangitis and pancreatitis.

Objective This study was performed to assess the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) for biliary decompression. Methods We retrospectively analyzed our institution's PC database from March 2015 to August 2017 and selected patients with biliary obstruction. The primary outcomes were the technical and clinical success rates.

[Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Presenting as Acute Pancreatitis].

We report a case of acute pancreatitis secondary to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. A 46-year old man presented with upper abdominal pain. The serum amylase and lipase were elevated.

Terahertz imaging of metastatic lymph nodes using spectroscopic integration technique.

Terahertz (THz) imaging was used to differentiate the metastatic states of frozen lymph nodes (LNs) by using spectroscopic integration technique (SIT). The metastatic states were classified into three groups: healthy LNs, completely metastatic LNs, and partially metastatic LNs, which were obtained from three mice without infection and six mice infected with murine melanoma cells for 30 days and 15 days, respectively. Under histological examination, the healthy LNs and completely metastatic LNs were found to have a homogeneous cellular structure but the partially metastatic LNs had interfaces of the melanoma and healthy tissue.

Neonatal head ultrasound: systematic approach to congenital Central Nervous System anomalies. A pictorial essay.

Brain ultrasound is widely used for the screening of prematurely born babies. Although the best imaging modality for the central nervous system anomaly is brain MRI, the first imaging study in the post-natal period is brain ultrasonography in most cases. Anomalies could be found incidentally on screening ultrasound, or in those cases already suspected on prenatal ultrasound.

Features of Pure Lobular Carcinoma In Situ on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Associated with Immediate Re-Excision after Lumpectomy.

Purpose: To evaluate imaging features of pure lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients who underwent immediate re-excision after lumpectomy.

Methods: Twenty-six patients (46.1±6.

Effect of Music on Reducing Anxiety for Patients Undergoing Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsies: Randomized Prospective Trial.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of music on anxiety and perceived pain during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy.

Materials And Methods: Forty consecutive men with an elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level and/ or an abnormal digital rectal examination referred for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy were recruited and allocated to a music (n = 20) or a non-music (n = 20) group. Anxiety was assessed prior to and after biopsy and pain was assessed after biopsy in each patient using visual analog scales (VAS) in the same setting, and group anxiety scores were compared.

Sonography of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and sonographically guided intraarticular injection of corticosteroid in acute gout attack.

Objective: The aims of this study were to identify the characteristic ultrasound (US) findings of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ1) in acute gout attack and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of US-guided intraarticular corticosteroid injection of the MTPJ1.

Methods: We enrolled 21 patients with acute gout attack involving the MTPJ1 unilaterally. US evaluation of each affected MTPJ1 was compared with radiographic features.

Subtype differentiation of renal cell carcinoma using diffusion-weighted and blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the utility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) MRI for characterizing renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes at 3 T.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-seven patients underwent 3-T DWI and BOLD MRI. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC; × 10(-3) mm(2)/s) and rate of spin dephasing (R2*, which equals 1 / T2* relaxation time, or 1/s) values were measured in the three RCC subtypes and normal renal parenchyma, and the results were compared.

Chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma supplied by a lumbar artery.

Purpose: To describe the radiologic findings and imaging response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) supplied by the lumbar artery.

Methods: Between April 2004 and December 2012, we encountered HCC supplied by a lumbar artery in 21 patients. Two investigators retrospectively reviewed clinical and radiological findings of HCC supplied by the lumbar artery using computed tomography (CT) scans and digital subtraction angiograms.

Prostate cancer: role of pretreatment multiparametric 3-T MRI in predicting biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to retrospectively investigate whether pretreatment multiparametric MRI findings can predict biochemical recurrence in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: In this study, 282 patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer who received RP underwent pretreatment MRI using a phased-array coil at 3 T, including T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). MRI variables included apparent tumor presence on combined imaging sequences, extracapsular extension, and tumor size on DWI or DCE-MRI.

Pretreatment evaluation with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinomas with poor conspicuity on conventional ultrasonography.

Objective: To determine whether pretreatment evaluation with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is effective for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with poor conspicuity on conventional ultrasonography (US).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board and informed consent was waived. From June 2008 to July 2011, 82 patients having HCCs (1.

The neural substrates of affective processing toward positive and negative affective pictures in patients with major depressive disorder.

Previous studies examining neural responses to emotional stimuli in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have indicated increased responses within the left amygdala to sad faces, and increased activity within the visual cortex and striatum to expressions of happiness. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the current study measured neural responses to neutral, positive and negative pictures of the International Affective Picture System in 15 healthy individuals and 15 patients with MDD. Depressed individuals demonstrated lower activity in the right hippocampus and the right insula to negative affective pictures, whereas they showed lower activity in the right anterior cingulate cortex and the left insula to positive pictures.

Computerized scheme for assessing ultrasonographic features of breast masses.

Rationale And Objective: To evaluate the ultrasonographic features of breast masses using a computerized scheme and to correlate the feature values with radiologists' grading.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and seventy-five breast ultrasound images (one to five images per subject) from 61 women (age 17-89 years, mean 43 years) were studied. Thirty-eight of the 157 images were from 11 women with malignant lesions, and the remaining 137 were from 50 patients with benign lesions.

In-vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in adnexal lesions.

Objective: To explore the in-vivo 1H- MR spectral features of adnexal lesions and to characterize the spectral patterns of various pathologic entities.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-one patients with surgically and histopathologically confirmed adnexal lesions underwent short echo-time STEAM (stimulated echo acquisition method) 1H- MR spectroscopy, and the results obtained were analysed.

Results: The methylene present in fatty acid chains gave rise to a lipid peak of 1.