Comparative Analysis of Hyaluronidase-Mediated Degradation Among Seven Hyaluronic Acid Fillers in Hairless Mice.

Purpose: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the most common injectable dermal filler used for soft-tissue augmentation, and can be removed non-surgically by directly injecting hyaluronidase. In this study, the hyaluronidase-mediated degradation of different types of HA fillers implanted subcutaneously at the back of hairless mice having filler residence time of four days or three months were compared.

Methods: Two sites at the back of female hairless mice were subcutaneously implanted with 0.

Model-Based Prediction to Evaluate Residence Time of Hyaluronic Acid Based Dermal Fillers.

Dermal fillers are gel-type substances for nonsurgical medical-device use to achieve facial rejuvenation. Currently, the most widely used skin fillers are hyaluronic-acid-based dermal fillers. This study aimed to explain the change in the volume of injected dermal fillers by developing a mathematical kinetic model for various dermal fillers.

Absence of nucleolus formation in raccoon dog-porcine interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos results in embryonic developmental failure.

Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) can be a solution for preservation of endangered species that have limited oocytes. It has been reported that blastocyst production by iSCNT is successful even if the genetic distances between donors and recipients are large. In particular, domestic pig oocytes can support the development of canine to porcine iSCNT embryos.

Improvement in the blastocyst quality and efficiency of putative embryonic stem cell line derivation from porcine embryos produced in vitro using a novel culturing system.

Porcine embryonic stem cells (pESCs) have great potential for application in translational biomedical research, including xenotransplantation and disease models. Obtaining high-quality blastocysts is the most important factor in the isolation and colonization of primary ESCs and the establishment of ESC lines. In pigs, in vitro-derived blastocysts have a limited cell number compared to in vivo-derived blastocysts and show an indefinite inner cell mass, which may result in failure to establish pESC lines.

The new system of shorter porcine oocyte in vitro maturation (18 hours) using ≥8 mm follicles derived from cumulus-oocyte complexes.

Despite recent efforts to improve in vitro maturation (IVM) systems for porcine oocytes, developmental competence of in vitro-matured oocytes is still suboptimal compared with those matured in vivo. In this study, we compared oocytes obtained from large (≥8 mm; LF) and medium (3-7 mm; MF) sized follicles in terms of nuclear maturation, intracellular glutathione and reactive oxygen species levels, gene expression, and embryo developmental competence after IVM. In the control group, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from MF and matured for 22 hours with hormones and subsequently matured for 18 to 20 hours without hormones at 39 °C, 5% CO2 in vitro.

Effect of trans-ε-viniferin on in vitro porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent developmental competence in preimplantation embryos.

Trans-ε-viniferin is a naturally occurring polyphenol belonging to the stilbenoid family that has been isolated from Vitis amurensis, one of the most common wild grapes in Asia. We investigated the effects of trans-ε-viniferin on in vitro maturation (IVM) and developmental competence after in vitro fertilization (IVF) or parthenogenesis (PA). We observed that trans-ε-viniferin treatment during IVM did not improve nuclear maturation rates of oocytes in any group, but significantly increased (P<0.

Expression patterns of sirtuin genes in porcine preimplantation embryos and effects of sirtuin inhibitors on in vitro embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation and in vitro fertilization.

We examined the expression patterns of porcine sirtuin 1 to 3 (Sirt1-3) genes in preimplantation embryos derived from parthenogenetic activation (PA), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). We also investigated the effects of sirtuin inhibitors (5 mM nicotinamide [NAM] and 100 μM sirtinol) on embryonic development of PA and IVF embryos under in vitro culture (IVC). The expression patterns of Sirt1-3 mRNA in preimplantation embryos of PA, IVF, and SCNT were significantly (P < 0.

Porcine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor improves the in vitro development of cloned porcine embryos.

We examined the effects of porcine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (pGM-CSF) on the in vitro development of porcine embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) for the first time. We evaluated the effects of pGM-CSF on SCNT-derived blastocyst formation and investigated gene expression. A total of 522 cloned embryos in 6 replicates were treated with 10 ng/ml pGM-CSF during in vitro culture (IVC).

The effects of resveratrol on porcine oocyte in vitro maturation and subsequent embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation and in vitro fertilization.

We investigated the effects of resveratrol, a phytoalexin with various pharmacologic activities, on in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes. We investigated intracellular glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, as well as gene expression in mature oocytes, cumulus cells, and in vitro fertilization (IVF)-derived blastocysts, and subsequent embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation (PA) and IVF. After 44 h of IVM, no significant difference was observed in maturation of the 0.