Range of forced cyclorotation in superior oblique palsy and V-pattern strabismus.

Purpose: To quantify a passive range of cyclorotation using a smartphone application and evaluate its associations with fundus torsion and rectus muscle cyclorotation in superior oblique palsy (SOP) and V-pattern strabismus.

Methods: Fifty-two patients showing overelevation in adduction (30 with congenital SOP and 22 with V-pattern strabismus) underwent forced cyclorotation on the photographs. A photograph of the globe was taken in maximally excyclorotated and incyclorotated positions after marking at the 6 and 12 o'clock limbus under general anaesthesia, and the rotational alignment of these markings was read using the toriCAM application.

Role of Inflammation in Classification of Diabetic Macular Edema by Optical Coherence Tomography.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the subretinal or intraretinal spaces in the macula in patients with diabetic retinopathy and leads to severely impaired central vision. Technical developments in retinal imaging systems have led to many advances in the study of DME. In particular, optical coherence tomography (OCT) can provide longitudinal and microstructural analysis of the macula.