Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Korea: A Multicenter Retrospective Study on Utilization and Outcomes Spanning Over a Decade.

Background: Over the last decade, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use in critically ill children has increased and is associated with favorable outcomes. Our study aims to evaluate the current status of pediatric ECMO in Korea, with a specific focus on its volume and changes in survival rates based on diagnostic indications.

Methods: This multicenter study retrospectively analyzed the indications and outcomes of pediatric ECMO over 10 years in patients at 14 hospitals in Korea from January 2012 to December 2021.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation as a Risk Factor for Clinical Outcome After Liver Transplantation in Pediatric Patients With Kasai Portoenterostomy Failure.

Background: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a serious complication in critically ill pediatric patients. This study aimed to evaluate the association between pretransplant DIC and perioperative clinical outcomes of liver transplantation (LT) in pediatric patients with Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) failure.

Methods: We enrolled pediatric patients who received LT after KPE failure between January 2005 and April 2021.

Clinical Manifestation of Infection in Pediatric Patients and Epidemiological Investigation of Outbreaks.

Background: is a causative organism of nosocomial infections, particularly associated with contaminated water, and resistant to various antibiotics, including carbapenems. Several clusters of infections appeared in children at our institute from August 2018 to November 2019.

Methods: From March 2009 to March 2023, all patients admitted to Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital in Seoul, Korea, with culture-confirmed and corresponding clinical signs of infection were identified.

Comparison of the clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes of culture-positive septic shock and culture-negative septic shock among pediatric patients.

Objectives: Among pediatric patients with septic shock, culture-negative septic shock (CNSS) is common but there have been limited data on its clinical characteristics and prognosis. We compared the clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes between culture-positive septic shock (CPSS) and CNSS in pediatric patients.

Design: Retrospective single-center study.

Estimating baseline creatinine values to define acute kidney injury in critically ill pediatric patients.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill children. However, the common lack of baseline serum creatinine values affects AKI diagnosis and staging. Several approaches for estimating baseline creatinine values in those patients were evaluated.

Prognostic factors of pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit.

Background: Pediatric patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) tend to have high morbidity and mortality. While, the prognostic factors of adult patients received bone marrow transplantation were already known, there is little known in pediatric pateints. This study aimed to identify the prognostic factor for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) mortality of critically ill pediatric patients with HSCT.

Recent Improvement in Survival Outcomes and Reappraisal of Prognostic Factors in Pediatric Living Donor Liver Transplantation.

Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a significant advancement for the treatment of children with end-stage liver disease given the shortage of deceased donors. The ultimate goal of pediatric LDLT is to achieve complete donor safety and zero recipient mortality. We conducted a retrospective, single-center assessment of the outcomes as well as the clinical factors that may influence graft and patient survival after primary LDLTs performed between 1994 and 2020.

Mitochondrial gene mutations in pediatric septic shock.

Background: There has been a growing interest in the association between mitochondrial dysfunction and sepsis. However, most studies have focused on mitochondrial structural damage, functional aspects, or the clinical phenotypes in sepsis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene mutations in critically ill pediatric patients with septic shock.

Development and validation of a deep-learning-based pediatric early warning system: A single-center study.

Background: Early detection and prompt intervention for clinically deteriorating events are needed to improve clinical outcomes. There have been several attempts at this, including the introduction of rapid response teams (RRTs) with early warning scores. We developed a deep-learning-based pediatric early warning system (pDEWS) and validated its performance.

Evaluation of Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients with Septic Shock.

Background:  Coagulopathy is a common serious complication of sepsis and septic shock; thus, its early detection and prompt management are important. For this purpose, recently the sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) score was proposed.

Methods:  We modified the SIC score for critically ill children with septic shock and evaluated its performance in comparison to several coagulopathy diagnostic scoring systems.

Modification of Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score Using Acute Kidney Injury Diagnostic Criteria.

Objectives: To develop a modified pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score using the acute kidney injury diagnostic criteria and evaluate its performance in predicting mortality.

Design: A single-center retrospective study.

Setting: Fourteen-bed PICU in a tertiary care academic children's hospital.

Evaluation of the usefulness of red blood cell distribution width in critically ill pediatric patients.

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a component of routine complete blood count, which reflects variability in the size of circulating erythrocytes. Recently, there have been many reports about RDW as a strong prognostic marker in various disease conditions in the adult population. However, only a few studies have been performed in children.

Evaluation of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Critically Ill Pediatric Hemato-oncology Patients with Septic Shock.

Background:  Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a serious complication in septic shock. This study aimed to evaluate DIC and associated clinical outcomes using the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) and modified ISTH overt DIC scores in critically ill pediatric hemato-oncology patients with septic shock.

Methods:  Pediatric hemato-oncology patients with septic shock admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary children's hospital between January 2013 and February 2020 were included.

Comparison of Prognostic Factors Between Direct and Indirect Pediatric ARDS.

Background: Pediatric ARDS is a heterogeneous disease entity with high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we categorized pediatric ARDS by direct and indirect initial triggering events and identified characteristics of survivors and nonsurvivors in these 2 subtypes.

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study that included critically ill subjects with pediatric ARDS (age 1 month to 18 y) who had undergone mechanical ventilation support and had been admitted to our 14-bed, multidisciplinary, tertiary pediatric medical ICU between January 2010 and March 2019.

Energy Expenditure in Mechanically Ventilated Korean Children: Single-Center Evaluation of a New Estimation Equation.

Objectives: Accurate assessments of energy expenditure are vital for determining optimal nutritional support, especially in critically ill children. We evaluated current methods for energy expenditure prediction, in comparison with indirect calorimetry, and developed a new estimation equation for mechanically ventilated, critically ill Korean children.

Design: Single-center retrospective study.

Association of vitamin D deficiency with clinical outcomes in critically ill Korean children.

Background/objectives: Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone that affects various body organ systems. We evaluated the prevalence of a vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and its potential role in the clinical condition of critically ill Korean children.

Subjects/methods: Patients under 18 years old with a 25(OH) vitamin D measurement on the first day of PICU admission were included from among the children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of our tertiary children's hospital between October 2017 and January 2019.

Current Status of Pediatric Critical Care in Korea: Results of 2015 National Survey.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the structure, organization, management, and staffing of pediatric critical care (PCC) in Korea.

Methods: We directed a questionnaire survey for all Upper Grade General Hospitals (n = 43) in Korea in 2015. The first questionnaire was mainly about structure, organization, and staffing and responses were obtained from 32 hospitals.

Evaluation of disseminated intravascular coagulation scores in critically ill pediatric patients with septic shock.

Purpose: To evaluated the outcome predictability of DIC scores in critically ill children with septic shock.

Materials And Methods: Pediatric patients with septic shock who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care children's hospital between January 2013 and December 2017 were enrolled. We analyzed the association between DIC and clinical outcomes.

Elevated central venous pressure is associated with increased mortality in pediatric septic shock patients.

Background: Central venous pressure (CVP) is an important factor affecting capillary blood flow, and it is associated with poor outcomes in adult septic shock patients. However, whether a similar association exists in pediatric patients remains unclear.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) between February 2009 and July 2015.

Factors Associated With Mortality in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy for Pediatric Patients With Acute Kidney Injury.

Objectives: To analyze the epidemiology of pediatric acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy and identify prognostic factors affecting mortality rates.

Design: Retrospective analysis.

Setting: PICU of a tertiary medical center.

Synergetic Evolution of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Polymeric Semiconductor for High Reproducibility and Performance: Random Copolymerization of Similarly Shaped Building Blocks.

A new random copolymer consisting of similarly shaped donor-acceptor building blocks of diketopyrrolopyrrole-selenophene-vinylene-selenophene (DPP-SVS) and DPP-thiophene-vinylene-thiophene (DPP-TVT) is designed and synthesized. The resulting P-DPP-SVS(5)-TVT(5) with an equal molecular ratio of the two building blocks produced significantly enhanced solubility when compared to that of the two homopolymers, PDPP-SVS and PDPP-TVT. More importantly, despite the maximum segmental randomness of the PDPP-SVS(5)-TVT(5) copolymer, its crystalline perfectness and preferential orientation are outstanding, even similar to those of the homopolymers thanks to the similarity of the two building blocks.

The First Successful Heart-Lung Transplant in a Korean Child with Humidifier Disinfectant-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease.

From 2006 to 2011, an outbreak of a particular type of childhood interstitial lung disease occurred in Korea. The condition was intractable and progressed to severe respiratory failure, with a high mortality rate. Moreover, in several familial cases, the disease affected young women and children simultaneously.

Evaluation of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Scores in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients.

Objectives: Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a complex systemic thrombohemorrahgic disorder, which may contribute to organ failure. We aimed to compare the detection rate of the disseminated intravascular coagulation, early in the course of ICU admission, of the two disseminated intravascular coagulation scoring systems defined by International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Japanese Association for Acute Medicine criteria and the prognostic value of disseminated intravascular coagulation scores in critically ill pediatric patients.

Design: Single-center retrospective observational study.