Effects of total microbiota-containing backslop from 450-day-fermented kimchi on microbe and metabolite dynamics.

This study examines the impact of the complex microbiota from long-term fermented kimchi, used as a backslop, on fermentation dynamics. The fermentation was conducted with autoclaved (group A) and non-autoclaved (NA) starter cultures. Bacterial and fungal communities were analyzed with 16S rRNA gene V4 and ITS2 region, respectively, and metabolites were profiled using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Exploring the Characteristics of Gut Microbiota Associated with Depression via the Depression Assessment Scales.

Depression is a prevalent mental disorder with an increasing economic burden, and its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Given the emerging evidence linking gut microbiota to mental health, a better understanding of microbial profiles associated with depression is necessary. Here, we explore the association between gut microbiota and depression by utilizing 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and depression assessment scales, including the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

The impact of raw material form and starter culture inoculation on bacterial communities and metabolites in fermented anchovy sauce.

This study explored the dynamics of anchovy sauce fermentation and investigated how the raw material form and the use of starter cultures affect bacterial and metabolite profiles. Using a comprehensive approach, we examined the fermentation process using anchovies in two forms (whole and ground) and three different starter cultures. The use of ground anchovies resulted in an accelerated fermentation process for anchovy sauce; however, the increased diversity of bacterial phylotypes and altered accumulation of biogenic amines were observed.

Effects of seasonal harvest of kimchi cabbage on microbial and metabolic profiles of kimchi.

Kimchi cabbage, the key ingredient in kimchi, is cultivated year-round to meet high production demands. This study aimed to examine the effects of seasonal harvesting (spring, summer, fall, and winter) on the microbial and metabolic profiles of kimchi during 30 days of fermentation. Lactic acid bacteria distribution is notably influenced by seasonal variations, with Latilactobacillus dominant in fall-harvested kimchi group and Weissella prevailing in spring, summer, and winter.

CXCL5/CXCL8 induces neutrophilic inflammation in peri-implantitis.

Objective And Background: This research aimed to examine the role of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8; also known as IL-8) in neutrophilic inflammation triggered by peri-implantitis and to shed light on the underlying mechanisms that link them to the development of this condition.

Materials: This study included 40 patients who visited the Department of Periodontology at Kyungpook University Dental Hospital. They were divided into two groups based on their condition: healthy implant (HI) group (n = 20) and peri-implantitis (PI) group (n = 20).

Impact of essential and optional ingredients on microbial and metabolic profiles of kimchi.

This study aimed to examine the impacts of essential and optional ingredients on the microbial and metabolic profiles of kimchi during 100 days of fermentation, using a mix-omics approach. Kimchi manufactured without essential ingredients (e.g.

Selective influence of garlic as a key ingredient in kimchi on lactic acid bacteria in a fermentation model system.

Garlic is an essential ingredient added to kimchi, a fermented vegetable, in small amounts owing to its sensory and antibacterial properties. This study aimed to elucidate the complex relationship between garlic and specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and the resulting metabolite changes in a controlled kimchi model system using nine strains as mixed and individual starters. The group without garlic using mixed starters showed the highest LAB growth activity, which influenced lactic acid production, pH, and titratable acidity.

Effects of ingredient size on microbial communities and metabolites of radish kimchi.

In this study, changes in physicochemical characteristics, microbial communities, and metabolites were investigated to identify the fermentation characteristics of radish kimchi according to the size of radish cubes used. The small-sized radish kimchi group showed the highest hardness value and glucose content in the early stages of fermentation. The relative abundance of major lactic acid bacteria, including , , and , was the highest in the small-sized radish kimchi group on day 5 of fermentation, which resulted in rapid production of lactic acid, thereby causing a decrease in pH and an increase in titratable acidity.

Effects of sediment and temperature on the long-term aging process of rice wine: Microbial and metabolic insights.

Rice wine is low in alcohol content (6 %), rich in nutrients, and contains live microorganisms; therefore, it is generally produced without an aging process during manufacturing. In this study, we investigated the microbial and metabolic changes that occur during the long-term aging of undiluted rice wine with different amount of sediment and aging temperatures. Rice wine samples with higher amounts of sediment had higher yeast counts and alcohol content, indicating a crucial role of sediment in providing nutrients for yeast survival during aging.

Effects of saccharification agents on the microbial and metabolic profiles of Korean rice wine (makgeolli).

To brew rice wine, a saccharification agent is critical to provide sugars necessary for yeast to ferment alcohol. Nuruk, a traditional Korean saccharification agent, contains saccharification enzymes and various microorganisms, including fungi and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). To investigate the effect of saccharification agents on Korean rice wine (makgeolli), we analyzed makgeolli brewed with different saccharification agents, such as koji and nuruk.

Association between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Gut Microbiota in Elderly Korean Patients.

Recent studies have confirmed that gut microbiota differs according to race or country in many diseases, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease. However, no study has analyzed the characteristics of Korean MCI patients. This study was performed to observe the association between gut microbiota and MCI in the Korean elderly and to identify potential markers for Korean MCI patients.

Machine learning model for predicting age in healthy individuals using age-related gut microbes and urine metabolites.

Age-related gut microbes and urine metabolites were investigated in 568 healthy individuals using metataxonomics and metabolomics. The richness and evenness of the fecal microbiota significantly increased with age, and the abundance of 16 genera differed between the young and old groups. Additionally, 17 urine metabolites contributed to the differences between the young and old groups.

Comprehensive elucidation of the terroir of Korean kimchi through the study of recipes, metabolites, microbiota, and sensory characteristics.

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in characteristics of the fermented food kimchi based on the regions where it is produced. A total of 108 kimchi samples were collected from five different provinces in Korea to analyze the recipes, metabolites, microbes, and sensory characteristics. Overall, 18 ingredients (including salted anchovy and seaweed), 7 quality indicators (such as salinity and moisture content), 14 genera of microorganisms (mainly Tetragenococcus and Weissella belonging to LAB), and 38 metabolites contributed to the characteristics of kimchi by region.

Does kimchi deserve the status of a probiotic food?

Kimchi is a traditional fermented vegetable side dish in Korea and has become a global health food. Kimchi undergoes spontaneous fermentation, mainly by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) originating from its raw ingredients. Numerous LAB, including the genera , , and , participate in kimchi fermentation, reaching approximately 9-10 log colony forming units per gram or milliliter of food.

Effects of Donepezil Treatment on Brain Metabolites, Gut Microbiota, and Gut Metabolites in an Amyloid Beta-Induced Cognitive Impairment Mouse Pilot Model.

Accumulated clinical and biomedical evidence indicates that the gut microbiota and their metabolites affect brain function and behavior in various central nervous system disorders. This study was performed to investigate the changes in brain metabolites and composition of the fecal microbial community following injection of amyloid β (Aβ) and donepezil treatment of Aβ-injected mice using metataxonomics and metabolomics. Aβ treatment caused cognitive dysfunction, while donepezil resulted in the successful recovery of memory impairment.

Long-term population dynamics of viable microbes in a closed ecosystem of fermented vegetables.

This study was performed to investigate the succession of various microorganisms naturally present in raw ingredients and the changes in metabolites following long-term fermentation of kimchi. Kimchi was stored at 4 °C for 500 days, and the composition of the microbial community and the nature of metabolites were analyzed using metataxonomics and metabolomics. We confirmed that the taxa belonging to Leuconostoc and Weissella were dominant in the early stages of fermentation, while Latilactobacillus and Levilactobacillus were dominant in the middle and late fermentation stages, respectively.

Simulation Model for Prediction of Gas Separation in Membrane Contactor Process.

The purpose of this study is to establish a practical simulation model based on mass balance, mass transport equations and equilibrium equation between gas and liquid phases across a porous membrane in membrane contactor process in order to predict the separation behavior by the gassing process of gas mixture in membrane contactor. The established simulation model was verified by comparison between the simulated values and real process values in the separation of CH/CO mixture, showing an excellent agreement between them. The parameter R-value in the model, which is a kind of the permeability of permeant across porous membrane, has been determined by fitting a numerical solution of the model equation to the experimental data to obtain a practical value of the parameter.

Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Profiles Associated with High-Fat Diet in Mice.

Obesity can be caused by microbes producing metabolites; it is thus important to determine the correlation between gut microbes and metabolites. This study aimed to identify gut microbiota-metabolomic signatures that change with a high-fat diet and understand the underlying mechanisms. To investigate the profiles of the gut microbiota and metabolites that changed after a 60% fat diet for 8 weeks, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomic analyses were performed.

Identification of Salivary Microorganisms and Metabolites Associated with Halitosis.

Halitosis is mainly caused by the action of oral microbes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in salivary microbes and metabolites between subjects with and without halitosis. Of the 52 participants, 22 were classified into the halitosis group by the volatile sulfur compound analysis on breath samples.

Therapeutic Effects of Licorice and Dried Ginger Decoction on Activity-Based Anorexia in BALB/c AnNCrl Mice.

Licorice and dried ginger decoction (Gancao-ganjiang-tang, LGD) is used for nausea and anorexia, accompanied by excessive sweating in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic effects of LGD using the activity-based anorexia (ABA) in a mouse model. Six-week-old female BALB/c AnNCrl mice were orally administered LGD, water, licorice decoction, dried ginger decoction, or chronic olanzapine, and their survival, body weight, food intake, and wheel activity were compared in ABA.

Effect of Fungi on Metabolite Changes in Kimchi During Fermentation.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of fungi on kimchi metabolites during fermentation. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolite profiling approach in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) is performed to differentiate metabolites produced by fungi or bacteria. To avoid bacterial growth, kimchi is treated with 100 μg/mL of ampicillin every three days from 30 to 50 days of fermentation.

Intervention with kimchi microbial community ameliorates obesity by regulating gut microbiota.

The objective of this study was to evaluate anti-obesity effects of kimchi microbial community (KMC) on obesity and gut microbiota using a high fat diet-induced mouse model compared to effects of a single strain. Administration of KMC decreased body weight, adipose tissue, and liver weight gains. Relative content of Muribaculaceae in the gut of the KMC-treated group was higher than that in the high-fat diet (HFD) group whereas relative contents of Akkermansiaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae were lower in KMC-treated group.

Metabolomics Reveals the Alteration of Metabolic Pathway by Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone in B16F10 Melanoma Cells.

The purpose of this study was to understand the changes of metabolic pathway induced by alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in B16F10 melanoma cells in an untargeted metabolomics approach. Cells were treated with 100 nM of α-MSH and then incubated for 48 h. α-MSH increased tyrosinase activity and melanin content by 56.