Light and scanning electron microscopy of aecia and aeciospores of Cronartium ribicola on Pinus koraiensis branch tissues.

Morphological characteristics of aecia and aeciospores of Cronartium ribicola on Pinus koraiensis branch tissues were investigated using light and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Mature P. koraiensis trees in Jeongseon, Korea, showed yellowish aecia on stems and branches.

water extract induces apoptotic cell death via a ROS-dependent pathway.

The stembark of Hedl. has been used for treating asthma, bronchitis, gastritis and edema. However, the anticancer and proapoptotic effects of the water extract of the stembark of (SCE) remain unknown.

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi induces caspase-dependent apoptosis via mitogen activated protein kinase activation and the generation of reactive oxygen species signaling pathways in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract (SBGE) is used in traditional herbal medicine and has also been used clinically to ameliorate the symptoms of various inflammatory diseases and cancer. In women, breast cancer is one of the most common diseases and numerous women succumb to it. The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism responsible for the SBGE‑induced apoptosis of MCF‑7 human breast cancer cells.

Comparison of Clinical and Radiological Results in the Arthroscopic Repair of Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears With and Without the Anterior Attachment of the Rotator Cable.

Background: The anterior rotator cable is critical in force transmission of the rotator cuff. However, few clinical studies have examined the correlation between the integrity of the anterior supraspinatus tendon and surgical outcomes in patients with rotator cuff tears.

Purpose: To compare the clinical and structural outcomes of the arthroscopic repair of full-thickness rotator cuff tears with and without anterior disruption of the supraspinatus tendon.

Inhibition of lung cancer growth by HangAmDan-B is mediated by macrophage activation to M1 subtype.

Re-education of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward antitumor effectors may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the successful treatment of cancer. HangAmDan-B (HAD-B), a herbal formula, has been used for stimulating immune function and activation of vital energy to cancer patients in traditional Korean Medicine. Previous studies have reported the anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic effects of HAD-B; however, evidence on the immunomodulatory action of HAD-B was not demonstrated.

What Injury Mechanism and Patterns of Ligament Status Are Associated With Isolated Coronoid, Isolated Radial Head, and Combined Fractures?

Background: Isolated coronoid, isolated radial head, and combined coronoid and radial head fractures are common elbow fractures, and specific ligamentous injury of each fracture configuration has been reported. However, the osseous injury mechanism related to ligament status remains unclear.

Questions/purposes: The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine what ligamentous injury patterns (medial or lateral collateral) and bone contusion patterns (medial or lateral) are associated with isolated coronoid, isolated radial head, and combined coronoid and radial head fractures; (2) to correlate the osseous injury mechanism based on these findings with isolated coronoid, isolated radial head, and combined coronoid and radial head fractures; and (3) to determine whether isolated and combined coronoid fractures have different fracture lines through the coronoid (tip or anteromedial facet), speculated to be caused by different injury mechanisms.

Abiotic stress of ambient cold temperature regulates the host receptivity to pathogens by cell surfaced sialic acids.

Ambient cold temperature, as an abiotic stress, regulates the survival, stability, transmission, and infection of pathogens. However, the effect of cold temperature on the host receptivity to the pathogens has not been fully studied. In this study, the expression of terminal α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialic acids were increased in murine lung tissues, especially bronchial epithelium, by exposure to cold condition.

Effects of humeral component retroversion on functional outcomes in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for cuff tear arthropathy.

Background: The currently recommended 0° to 30° humeral component retroversion angle for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is based on expert opinion rather than anatomical or clinical evidence.

Methods: Sixty-two patients who underwent RTSA for cuff tear arthropathy were reviewed retrospectively. The humeral component was inserted with 20° retroversion in 30 patients (group A) and with 0° retroversion in 32 (group B).

Drop sign of the elbow joint after surgical stabilization of an unstable simple posterolateral dislocation: natural course and contributing factors.

Background: We performed this study to investigate the natural course and factors affecting the incidence of drop sign immediately after stabilization of an unstable posterolateral (PL) dislocation of the elbow.

Methods: Twenty-three patients who underwent a stabilization procedure for persistent instability after closed reduction of PL dislocation of the elbow were enrolled. The natural course was evaluated with simple radiographs taken at regular intervals after the operation.

Quantitative assessment of the latarjet procedure for large glenoid defects by computed tomography: a coracoid graft can sufficiently restore the glenoid arc.

Background: Coracoid transfer to a large glenoid defect is considered an excellent method to restore the surface area of the anteroinferior glenoid. However, there is little quantitative evidence supporting whether a coracoid graft can sufficiently restore the glenoid arc.

Purpose: To assess whether the Latarjet procedure can sufficiently restore the surface area of the glenoid.

The influence of diabetes mellitus on clinical and structural outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Background: The clinical effect of sustained hyperglycemia on tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair has not been well characterized.

Purpose: To compare the clinical and structural outcomes between diabetic and nondiabetic patients after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and to determine the effect of a diabetic phenotype on tendon-to-bone healing.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Analysis of "hidden lesions" of the extra-articular biceps after subpectoral biceps tenodesis: the subpectoral portion as the optimal tenodesis site.

Background: In biceps tenodesis for intra-articular tears, determining the distal extension of the lesions through the biceps groove is important in choosing the optimal tenodesis site.

Purpose: To determine the optimal tenodesis site by analyzing the extension and delamination of an extra-articular lesion, or a "hidden lesion," in the retrieved biceps after subpectoral biceps tenodesis.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Comparative study of tibial posterior slope angle following cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty using one of three implants.

Purpose: Pre- and postoperative tibial posterior slope angles (PSAs) were assessed in patients who underwent cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Material And Methods: A total of 386 cruciate retaining TKA were performed in 308 patients and retrospectively reviewed. Based on the prostheses, 202 cases using NexGen were classified as group I, 120 cases using PFC sigma as group II, and 64 cases using Vanguard as group III.

Immediate loading of an implant following implant site development using forced eruption: a case report.

In restoring periodontally involved hopeless teeth, implant treatment has been widely used with combinations of various grafting techniques or guided bone regeneration. Instead of traditional surgical procedures, forced tooth eruption may be used successfully for implant site development. In this case, the authors orthodontically erupted a hopeless central incisor with an angular bony defect.

Synthesis and SAR studies for the inhibition of TNF-alpha production. Part 2. 2-[3-(Cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-substituted-1-isoindolinone derivatives.

This study describes the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 2-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-1-isoindolinone derivatives substituted on benzene moiety of isoindoline ring for the inhibition of TNF-alpha production. From this study, we have found the 6-C position on isoindolinone ring is an optimal derivatization site. Among the compounds synthesized, 6-amino-2-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-1-isoindolinone (6) was the most potent in inhibitory activity of TNF-alpha production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.

Synthesis and sar studies for the inhibition of tnf-α production. part 2. 2-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-substituted-1 -isoindolinone derivatives.

This study describes the synthesis andin vitro evaluation of 2-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methox-yphenyl]-1-isoindolinone derivatives substituted on benzene moiety of isoindoline ring for the inhibition of TNF-α production. From this study, we have found the 6-C position on isoindolinone ring is an optimal derivatization site. Among the compounds synthesized, 6-amino-2-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-1 -isoindolinone (6) was the most potent in inhibitory activity of TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.