Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides Improve Rosacea-Like Phenotype through Anti-Inflammatory and Epidermal Barrier-Improving Effects.

Background: Rosacea is a common skin disease associated with increased expression of cathelicidin, kallikrein 5 (KLK5), toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, and abnormal barrier function. Recently, it was reported that hyaluronan (HA) could influence immune function via various receptors and HA oligosaccharides (oligo-HAs) could suppress TLR-dependent cytokine expression.

Objective: We investigated if oligo-HAs could influence on inflammation and epidermal barrier induced by LL-37, which had a major role in rosacea.

Association of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor Use With Risk of Bullous Pemphigoid in Patients With Diabetes.

Importance: Recent studies suggest that dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of developing bullous pemphigoid (BP). Population-based studies on the association between DPP-4 inhibitors and BP are limited.

Objective: To characterize the potential association between the use of DPP-4 inhibitors and an increased risk of developing BP.