Anti-cancer effects of DHP107 on canine mammary gland cancer examined through in-vitro and in-vivo mouse xenograft models.

Background: Canine mammary gland cancer (CMGC) is a common neoplasm in intact bitches. However, the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of paclitaxel on CMGC in in-vitro and in-vivo settings.

Exosomes: Nomenclature, Isolation, and Biological Roles in Liver Diseases.

The biogenesis and biological roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the progression of liver diseases have attracted considerable attention in recent years. EVs are membrane-bound nanosized vesicles found in different types of body fluids and contain various bioactive materials, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and mitochondrial DNA. Based on their origin and biogenesis, EVs can be classified as apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes.

Ethanol and its Nonoxidative Metabolites Promote Acute Liver Injury by Inducing ER Stress, Adipocyte Death, and Lipolysis.

Background & Aims: Binge drinking in patients with metabolic syndrome accelerates the development of alcohol-associated liver disease. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We investigated if oxidative and nonoxidative alcohol metabolism pathways, diet-induced obesity, and adipose tissues influenced the development of acute liver injury in a single ethanol binge model.

Alcoholic liver disease: a new insight into the pathogenesis of liver disease.

Excessive alcohol consumption contributes to a broad clinical spectrum of liver diseases, from simple steatosis to end-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver is the primary organ that metabolizes ingested alcohol and is exquisitely sensitive to alcohol intake. Alcohol metabolism is classified into two pathways: oxidative and non-oxidative alcohol metabolism.

Assessment of salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol as a pain related stress biomarker in dogs pre-and post-operation.

Background: The use of salivary biomarkers has garnered attention because the composition of saliva reflects the body's physiological state. Saliva contains a wide range of components, including peptides, nucleic acids, electrolytes, enzymes, and hormones. It has been reported that salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol are biomarkers of stress related biomarker in diseased dogs; however, evaluation of salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol pre- and post- operation has not been studied yet.

E-Selectin-Dependent Inflammation and Lipolysis in Adipose Tissue Exacerbate Steatosis-to-NASH Progression via S100A8/9.

Background & Aims: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, characterized by steatosis and hallmark liver neutrophil infiltration. NASH also is associated with adipose tissue inflammation, but the role of adipose tissue inflammation in NASH pathogenesis remains obscure. The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between neutrophil recruitment in adipose tissue and the progression of NASH.

MicroRNA-223 restricts liver fibrosis by inhibiting the TAZ-IHH-GLI2 and PDGF signaling pathways via the crosstalk of multiple liver cell types.

Liver fibrosis is a common consequence of chronic liver injury and is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix mainly generated from activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). At present, the mechanisms underlying liver fibrogenesis remain obscure and effective pharmacological therapies are lacking. Neutrophil-specific microRNA-223 (miR-223) plays an important role in controlling the development of various liver diseases; however, its role in HSC activation and liver fibrosis remains unclear.

Protective and Detrimental Roles of p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Different Stages of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Background And Aims: Neutrophil infiltration is a hallmark of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but how this occurs during the progression from steatosis to NASH remains obscure. Human NASH features hepatic neutrophil infiltration and up-regulation of major neutrophil-recruiting chemokines (e.g.

Interleukin-22 Ameliorates Neutrophil-Driven Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Through Multiple Targets.

Background And Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease encompasses a spectrum of diseases ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and liver cancer. At present, how simple steatosis progresses to NASH remains obscure and effective pharmacological therapies are lacking. Hepatic expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), a key chemokine for neutrophil infiltration (a hallmark of NASH), is highly elevated in NASH patients but not in fatty livers in obese individuals or in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice.

ALDH2 deficiency promotes alcohol-associated liver cancer by activating oncogenic pathways via oxidized DNA-enriched extracellular vesicles.

Background & Aims: Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the major causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Approximately 30-40% of the Asian population are deficient for aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a key enzyme that detoxifies the ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde. However, how ALDH2 deficiency affects alcohol-related HCC remains unclear.

Protective effects of ginsenoside F2 on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced skin inflammation in mice.

Topical use of ginsenosides, the major bioactive substances in Panax ginseng, has been used for the treatment of irritated skin complaints. However, the protective mechanisms of ginsenosides remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory role of ginsenoside F2 (GF2) on the skin inflammation.

Elevated cortisol content in dog hair with atopic dermatitis.

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease occurring in 10% of the canine population. Although most studies have focused on the pathophysiological mechanism involved in CAD, the detrimental impact of CAD on quality of life has received only little attention. Hair cortisol analysis is becoming a valuable tool in monitoring chronic stress.

Exosome-mediated activation of toll-like receptor 3 in stellate cells stimulates interleukin-17 production by γδ T cells in liver fibrosis.

Unlabelled: During liver injury, hepatocytes secrete exosomes that include diverse types of self-RNAs. Recently, self-noncoding RNA has been recognized as an activator of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). However, the roles of hepatic exosomes and TLR3 in liver fibrosis are not yet fully understood.

Etoposide Induces Necrosis Through p53-Mediated Antiapoptosis in Human Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells.

The p53 protein is an important transcription factor that modulates signaling pathways for both cell death and survival. Its antiapoptotic mechanisms that correlate with necrotic and apoptotic cell death are not well understood. Here, we report that etoposide promotes progression of the DNA damage response as well as necrotic morphological changes including plasma membrane rupture using carbon nanotube-tipped/atomic force microscopy (CNT/AFM) probes in human kidney proximal tubule (HK-2) cells.

Treatment with 4-methylpyrazole modulated stellate cells and natural killer cells and ameliorated liver fibrosis in mice.

Background & Aims: Accumulating evidence suggests that retinol and its metabolites are closely associated with liver fibrogenesis. Recently, we demonstrated that genetic ablation of alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3), a retinol metabolizing gene that is expressed in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and natural killer (NK) cells, attenuated liver fibrosis in mice. In the current study, we investigated whether pharmacological ablation of ADH3 has therapeutic effects on experimentally induced liver fibrosis in mice.

Clinical use of a ceramide-based moisturizer for treating dogs with atopic dermatitis.

In humans, skin barrier dysfunction is thought to be responsible for enhanced penetration of allergens. Similar to conditions seen in humans, canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is characterized by derangement of corneocytes and disorganization of intercellular lipids in the stratum corenum (SC) with decreased ceramide levels. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a moisturizer containing ceramide on dogs with CAD.

Molecular analysis of Malassezia pachydermatis isolated from canine skin and ear in Korea.

We investigated Malassezia species and genotypes colonizing dogs, comparing those recovered from the ear canal with those from other anatomical body sites, as well as from diseased and healthy skin. The Malassezia isolates were obtained from four types of skin samples, i.e.

Evaluation of the effect of a 0.0584% hydrocortisone aceponate spray on clinical signs and skin barrier function in dogs with atopic dermatitis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a topical spray containing 0.0584% hydrocortisone aceponate (HCA) on canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) and to evaluate the skin barrier function during the treatment of CAD. Twenty-one dogs that fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for CAD were included in this study.

Comparison of responses elicited by immunization with a Legionella species common lipoprotein delivered as naked DNA or recombinant protein.

To evaluate the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) antigen of Legionella pneumophila as a vaccine candidate, mice were immunized intramuscularly with pcDNA3-PAL and intraperitoneally with recombinant PAL (t-rPAL), which were compared for their ability to induce PAL-specific immune responses. The t-rPAL protein induced PAL-specific IgG antibody production significantly more than did pcDNA3-PAL. The IgG2a and IgG1 production was predominant after pcDNA3-PAL and t-rPAL administration, respectively.

Characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus isolated from the malignant lymphomas in Korea.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common herpes virus linked to a variety of human neoplasms. In this study, the EBV detection was identified with the paraffin-embedded tissues from 62 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 20 Hodgkin's lymphomas, and 48 non-neoplastic tonsils, using PCR for EBNA-1 and EBER-1 mRNA in situ hybridization for EBER-1 mRNA. The isolates were analyzed for type 1/2, variants C/D and F/f, and LMP-1 30 bp deletion.