Interventional Heartworm Extraction in Two Dogs: The Clinical Application of Impedance Cardiography.

Unlabelled: Heartworm (HW) disease, caused by , is a life-threatening ailment in dogs. HW disrupts blood flow and decreases cardiac output (CO). The accurate monitoring of CO during HW extraction is pivotal for patient survival and overall health.

Feline adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells pretreated with IFN-γ enhance immunomodulatory effects through the PGE₂ pathway.

Background: Preconditioning with inflammatory stimuli is used to improve the secretion of anti-inflammatory agents in stem cells from variant species such as mouse, human, and dog. However, there are only few studies on feline stem cells.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the immune regulatory capacity of feline adipose tissue-derived (fAT) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) pretreated with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ).