Transcriptomic landscapes of STING-mediated DNA-sensing reveal cellular response heterogeneity.

Transfection of plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding target genes is a routine tool in gene function studies and therapeutic applications. However, nucleic acid-sensing-mediated innate immune responses influence multiple intracellular signaling pathways. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a crucial adapter protein for DNA sensors in mammalian cells.

B7H6 is the predominant activating ligand driving natural killer cell-mediated killing in patients with liquid tumours: evidence from clinical, in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies.

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells are a subset of innate lymphoid cells that are inherently capable of recognizing and killing infected or tumour cells. This has positioned NK cells as a promising live drug for tumour immunotherapy, but limited success suggests incomplete knowledge of their killing mechanism. NK cell-mediated killing involves a complex decision-making process based on integrating activating and inhibitory signals from various ligand-receptor repertoires.

Modulating Lipid Nanoparticles with Histidinamide-Conjugated Cholesterol for Improved Intracellular Delivery of mRNA.

Recently, mRNA-based therapeutics, including vaccines, have gained significant attention in the field of gene therapy for treating various diseases. Among the various mRNA delivery vehicles, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as promising vehicles for packaging and delivering mRNA with low immunogenicity. However, while mRNA delivery has several advantages, the delivery efficiency and stability of LNPs remain challenging for mRNA therapy.

NK cells encapsulated in micro/macropore-forming hydrogels via 3D bioprinting for tumor immunotherapy.

Background: Patients face a serious threat if a solid tumor leaves behind partial residuals or cannot be completely removed after surgical resection. Immunotherapy has attracted attention as a method to prevent this condition. However, the conventional immunotherapy method targeting solid tumors, that is, intravenous injection, has limitations in homing in on the tumor and in vivo expansion and has not shown effective clinical results.

FTO negatively regulates the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells.

N -Methyladenosine (m A) is the most abundant epitranscriptomic mark and plays a fundamental role in almost every aspect of mRNA metabolism. Although m A writers and readers have been widely studied, the roles of m A erasers are not well-understood. Here, we investigate the role of FTO, one of the m A erasers, in natural killer (NK) cell immunity.

Reduced detection rate of artificial intelligence in images obtained from untrained endoscope models and improvement using domain adaptation algorithm.

A training dataset that is limited to a specific endoscope model can overfit artificial intelligence (AI) to its unique image characteristics. The performance of the AI may degrade in images of different endoscope model. The domain adaptation algorithm, i.

The Role of IL-7 and IL-7R in Cancer Pathophysiology and Immunotherapy.

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a multipotent cytokine that maintains the homeostasis of the immune system. IL-7 plays a vital role in T-cell development, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as in B cell maturation through the activation of the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R). IL-7 is closely associated with tumor development and has been used in cancer clinical research and therapy.

A Comprehensive Review of Micro/Nano Precision Glass Molding Molds and Their Fabrication Methods.

Micro/nano-precision glass molding (MNPGM) is an efficient approach for manufacturing micro/nanostructured glass components with intricate geometry and a high-quality optical finish. In MNPGM, the mold, which directly imprints the desired pattern on the glass substrate, is a key component. To date, a wide variety of mold inserts have been utilized in MNPGM.

RNA demethylation by FTO stabilizes the FOXJ1 mRNA for proper motile ciliogenesis.

Adenosine N6-methylation (m6A) is one of the most pervasive mRNA modifications, and yet the physiological significance of m6A removal (demethylation) remains elusive. Here, we report that the m6A demethylase FTO functions as a conserved regulator of motile ciliogenesis. Mechanistically, FTO demethylates and thereby stabilizes the mRNA that encodes the master ciliary transcription factor FOXJ1.

Fabrication of a Plasmonic Nanoantenna Array Using Metal Deposition on Polymer Nanoimprinted Nanodots for an Enhanced Fluorescence Substrate.

A simple and cost-effective method is proposed herein for a plasmonic nanoantenna array (PNAA) for the fabrication of metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) substrates in which fluorophores interact with the enhanced electromagnetic field generated by a localized surface plasmon to provide a higher fluorescence signal. The PNAA is fabricated by the deposition of a silver (Ag) layer on an ultraviolet (UV) nanoimprinted nanodot array with a pitch of 400 nm, diameter of 200 nm, and height of 100 nm. During deposition, raised Ag nanodisks and a lower Ag layer are, respectively, formed on the top and bottom of the imprinted nanodot array, and the gap between these Ag layers acts as a plasmonic nanoantenna.

Fabrication of Ag nanorods on micropost array for a metal-enhanced fluorescence substrate with a high signal-to-background ratio.

Selective fabrication of metallic nanostructures at the spotting area is required to increase the signal-to-background noise ratio (SBR) of the metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) substrate. As a simple and cost-effective fabrication method for MEF substrate with high SBR, a glancing angle deposition (GLAD) process of Ag material on the UV-imprinted micropost array (50 μm in height, 300 μm in diameter, and 600 μm in pitch) was proposed to selectively fabricate Ag nanorods on the top of micropost structure (spotting area). Ag nanorod formation at the bottom of the micropost decreased as the deposition angle in Ag GLAD increased.

Laser Pyrolysis of Imprinted Furan Pattern for the Precise Fabrication of Microsupercapacitor Electrodes.

The design or dimension of micro-supercapacitor electrodes is an important factor that determines their performance. In this study, a microsupercapacitor was precisely fabricated on a silicon substrate by irradiating an imprinted furan micropattern with a CO laser beam under ambient conditions. Since furan is a carbon-abundant polymer, electrically conductive and porous carbon structures were produced by laser-induced pyrolysis.

Fabrication of Cross-Sinusoidal Anti-Reflection Nanostructure on a Glass Substrate Using Imperfect Glass Imprinting with a Nano-Pin Array Vitreous Carbon Stamp.

Although polymer nanoimprinting on glass substrates has been widely employed for the fabrication of functional anti-reflective (AR) nanostructures, several drawbacks exist with respect to durability and delamination. The direct patterning of glass material is a potential solution for outdoor applications that require AR functional nanostructured glass plates. In this study, a glass imprinting technique was employed for the fabrication of an AR nanostructure on a soda-lime glass substrate using a vitreous carbon (VC) stamp.

Glass molding of all glass Fresnel lens with vitreous carbon micromold.

An all glass Fresnel lens (AGFL) was fabricated by glass molding with a vitreous carbon (VC) micro mold. In the glass molding process, a glass plate was heated up to its softening temperature and pressed against to the VC mold to replicate the Fresnel pattern. The VC molds having negative shape Fresnel profile were fabricated by carbonization of replicated Furan precursor using a diamond turning machined nickel master.

XAV939, a Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulator, has inhibitory effects on LPS-induced inflammatory response.

In this study, we report the anti-inflammatory activity of XAV939, a modulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. WNT/β-catenin pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway were examined in LPS-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells and effects of XAV939 on these pathways were analyzed. The effect of XAV939 was confirmed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Direct Metal Forming of a Microdome Structure with a Glassy Carbon Mold for Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer.

The application of microtechnology to traditional mechanical industries is limited owing to the lack of suitable micropatterning technology for durable materials including metal. In this research, a glassy carbon (GC) micromold was applied for the direct metal forming (DMF) of a microstructure on an aluminum (Al) substrate. The GC mold with microdome cavities was prepared by carbonization of a furan precursor, which was replicated from the thermal reflow photoresist master pattern.

Development of a Protein Microarray Chip with Enhanced Fluorescence for Identification of Semen and Vaginal Fluid.

The detection of body fluids has been used to identify a suspect and build a criminal case. As the amount of evidence collected at a crime site is limited, a multiplex identification system for body fluids using a small amount of sample is required. In this study, we proposed a multiplex detection platform using an Ag vertical nanorod metal enhanced fluorescence (MEF) substrate for semen and vaginal fluid (VF), which are important evidence in cases of sexual crime.

Replication of a glass microlens array using a vitreous carbon mold.

A low-cost fabrication method for a high-surface-quality glass microlens array (MLA) was proposed using a glass molding technique with a vitreous carbon (VC) mold. A VC mold with a high-surface-quality MLA cavity was fabricated, and the glass MLA with a root mean square surface roughness of 4.59 nm was replicated using the VC mold.

Effect of Enhanced Thermal Stability of Alumina Support Layer on Growth of Vertically Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application in Nanofiltration Membranes.

We investigate the thermal stability of alumina supporting layers sputtered at different conditions and its effect on the growth of aligned single-walled carbon nanotube arrays. Radio frequency magnetron sputtering of alumina under oxygen-argon atmosphere produces a Si-rich alumina alloy film on a silicon substrate. Atomic force microscopy on the annealed catalysts reveals that Si-rich alumina films are more stable than alumina layers with low Si content at the elevated temperatures at which the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes is initiated.