Centrality of phosphate binding modes on metal vanadate in exploiting low-temperature NO reduction and pyrosulfate dissociation pathways.

PO guests anchored on metal vanadate hosts are as vital as SO/SO analogues in wide exploitation for expediting acidic/redox SCR cycles or ABS pyrolysis at low temperatures. This is due to their multiple roles as a provider of Brönsted acidic bonds (BA-H) and as a dictator of the traits for labile/mobile oxygens (O/O) and oxygen vacancies (O). However, the relationships of BA (P-O)/BA-H (P-O-H)/O/O/O feature for the host versus its mono-/bi-dentate PO binding mode ( [Formula: see text] / [Formula: see text] ) has never been examined to-date.

Estimation of genetic parameters for reproductive traits in Korean dairy cattle.

Objective: In Korea, dairy cattle breeding programs have historically prioritized productive, conformation traits, leading to positive improvements, yet reproductive traits have lagged in development. This study was conducted to develop the breeding program of key reproductive traits in the Korean dairy cattle population.

Methods: Utilizing data from 7,596 farms and over seven million observations, we conducted quality control to rectify manual entry errors and selected traits in line with international genetic evaluation standards.

Enhancing Genomic Prediction Accuracy for Body Conformation Traits in Korean Holstein Cattle.

The Holstein breed is the mainstay of dairy production in Korea. In this study, we evaluated the genomic prediction accuracy for body conformation traits in Korean Holstein cattle, using a range of π levels (0.75, 0.

Bean Sprouts, Lettuce, and Milk as Water Sources in Larval Growth.

The larva (yellow mealworm) holds great potential as a sustainable ingredient in food and feed. Optimizing its growth under mass farming requires careful water management. However, the availability and cost of fresh fruit and vegetables, which are the most widely used sources of water, can vary geographically, which calls for the search for relatively affordable, effective, and readily available alternatives.

Alteration of shoaling behavior and dysbiosis in the gut of medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to 2-μm polystyrene microplastics.

There is global concern that microplastics may harm aquatic life. Here, we examined the effects of fine polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs, 2-μm diameter, 0.1 mg/L, 2.

Uncovering the centrality of mono-dentate SO/SO modifiers grafted on a metal vanadate in accelerating wet NO reduction and poison pyrolysis.

NO rarely binds with labile oxygens of catalytic solids, whose Lewis acidic (LA) species possess higher binding strengths with NH (E) and HO than Brönsted acidic counterparts (BA-H; -OH), oftentimes leading to elevate energy barrier (E) and weaken HO tolerance, respectively. These limit NH-assisted wet NO reduction via Langmuir-Hinshelwood-type or Eley-Rideal (ER)-type model on LA species, while leaving ER-type analogue on BA-H species proper to reduce wet NO. Given hard-to-regulate strength/amount of -OH species and occasional association between E and E, NiVO (Ni) was rationally chosen as a platform to isolate mono-dentate SO/SO species for use as BA-H bonds via protonation to increase collision frequency (k') alongside with disclosure of advantages of SO/SO-functionalized NiVO (Ni-S) over Ni in reducing wet NO.

Complete genome sequence of an oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus isolated from Korean rhinoceros beetles (Trypoxylus dichotomus) in Korea.

Nudivirus-infected Korean rhinoceros beetles (Trypoxylus dichotomus) were first identified in 2015, and while a complete genome sequence of the virus has long been uploaded to the NCBI database, it has not been examined in detail. Here, we describe the genomic characteristics of Trypoxylus dichotomus nudivirus (TdNV), which represents a new Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) strain, isolated from infected T. dichotomus in the Republic of Korea.

Cellulose Nanofiber Films and Their Vibration Energy Harvesting.

Cellulose, the most abundant sustainable material on Earth, has excellent mechanical and physical properties, high optical transparency, biocompatibility, and piezoelectricity. So, it has many possibilities for future materials, and many researchers are interested in its application. In this paper, cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and CNF/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films are made, and their vibration energy harvesting is studied.

Population genetic analysis reveals secondary contact between Eriocheir sinensis and E. japonica in South Korea.

Background: The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and the Japanese mitten crab (E. japonica) of the family Varunidae, which are also critical fishery species in their native habitats, including China, Japan, and South Korea, exhibit a rare migration life history for the decapod life cycle. Eriocheir sinensis and E.

The Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Longevity According to Lactation Period Using a Multiple Trait Animal Model in Korean Holstein Cows.

Longevity is closely related to the survival rate of dairy cattle and refers to the period during which the cow has economic value, from first calving to culling. The purpose of this study was to analyze the culling patterns and survival rates of Korean Holstein cows and evaluate genetic characteristics related to parity and longevity of each lactation by using the test day milk yield collected in South Korea. The performance data of the dairy cattle were collected from 2004 to 2019 by the Nonghyup Dairy Cattle Improvement Center.

The Detection of Bovine Estrus by Lactoferrin Monoclonal Antibody.

To improve reproductive performance in cattle, the accurate detection of estrus and optimization of insemination relative to ovulation are necessary. However, poor heat detection by farm staff leads to a decreased conception rate, thus inflicting economic damage to the beef and dairy industries. This study aimed to develop monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that can specifically bind to the bovine lactoferrin (bLF) protein, which we have previously demonstrated to be overexpressed in bovine cervical mucus during estrus.

Genome-Wide Identification of Candidate Genes for Milk Production Traits in Korean Holstein Cattle.

We performed a genome-wide association study and fine mapping using two methods (single marker regression: frequentist approach and Bayesian C (BayesC): fitting selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a Bayesian framework) through three high-density SNP chip platforms to analyze milk production phenotypes in Korean Holstein cattle ( = 2780). We identified four significant SNPs for each phenotype in the single marker regression model: AX-311625843 and AX-115099068 on autosome (BTA) 14 for milk yield (MY) and adjusted 305-d fat yield (FY), respectively, AX-428357234 on BTA 18 for adjusted 305-d protein yield (PY), and AX-185120896 on BTA 5 for somatic cell score (SCS). Using the BayesC model, we discovered significant 1-Mb window regions that harbored over 0.

De novo assembly and functional annotation of the Red-striped golden stink bug (Poecilocoris lewisi) transcriptome.

Insect antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have a wide range of functions and potential applications, and have recently attracted attention as alternative foods and medicines for humans. Our study performed transcriptome analysis to explore the potential of the red-striped golden stink bug (Poecilocoris lewisi), and as a result, we have discovered new features of P. lewisi that have not been identified.

Transcriptional regulation of chicken leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 in response to toll-like receptor 3 stimulation.

Objective: Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) is associated with several physiological processes including inflammation, tumorigenesis, and natural killer T cell generation. Chicken LECT2 (chLECT2) gene was originally identified as one of the differentially expressed genes in chicken kidney tissue, where the chickens were fed with different calcium doses. In this study, the molecular characteristics and gene expression of chLECT2 were analyzed under the stimulation of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand to understand the involvement of chLECT2 expression in chicken metabolic disorders.

Genome-wide association study and genomic predictions for exterior traits in Yorkshire pigs1.

The objectives of this study were to identify informative genomic regions that affect the exterior traits of purebred Korean Yorkshire pigs and to investigate and compare the accuracy of genomic prediction for response variables. Phenotypic data on body height (BH), body length (BL), and total teat number (TTN) from 2,432 Yorkshire pigs were used to obtain breeding values including as response variable the estimated breeding value (EBV) and 2 types of deregressed EBVs-one including the parent average (DEBVincPA) and the other excluding it (DEBVexcPA). A final genotype panel comprising 46,199 SNP markers was retained for analysis after quality control for common SNPs.

Comparison of genome-wide association and genomic prediction methods for milk production traits in Korean Holstein cattle.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to compare identified informative regions through two genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches and determine the accuracy and bias of the direct genomic value (DGV) for milk production traits in Korean Holstein cattle, using two genomic prediction approaches: single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ss-GBLUP) and Bayesian Bayes-B.

Methods: Records on production traits such as adjusted 305-day milk (MY305), fat (FY305), and protein (PY305) yields were collected from 265,271 first parity cows. After quality control, 50,765 single-nucleotide polymorphic genotypes were available for analysis.

Estimation of the genetic milk yield parameters of Holstein cattle under heat stress in South Korea.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic components of daily milk yield and to re-rank bulls in South Korea by estimated breeding value (EBV) under heat stress using the temperature-humidity index (THI).

Methods: This study was conducted using 125,312 monthly test-day records, collected from January 2000 to February 2017 for 19,889 Holstein cows from 647 farms in South Korea. Milk production data were collected from two agencies, the Dairy Cattle Genetic Improvement Center and the Korea Animal Improvement Association, and meteorological data were obtained from 41 regional weather stations using the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) installed throughout South Korea.

Molecular characterization and expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 8 in chicken.

Objective: A disintegrin and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin motifs type 8 (ADAMTS8) is crucial for diverse physiological processes, such as inflammation, tissue morphogenesis, and tumorigenesis. The chicken ADAMTS8 (chADAMTS8) gene was differentially expressed in the kidney following exposure to different calcium concentrations, suggesting a pathological role of this protein in metabolic diseases. We aimed to examine the molecular characteristics of chADAMTS8 and analyze the gene-expression differences in response to toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) stimulation.

Exhibits Antidiabetic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo through Activation of AKT-AMPK Pathway.

Glucose deposition in peripheral tissue is an important parameter for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of (Ss) on glucose disposal in skeletal muscle cells and additionally explore its in vivo antidiabetic potential. Treatment of ethanolic extract of (EeSs) significantly enhanced the glucose uptake, mediated through the enhanced expression of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle via the stimulation of AKT and AMPK pathways in C2C12 cells.

Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Induces Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) Expression and Reduces Oxidative Stress via the p38/c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (p38/JNK-NRF2)-Mediated Antioxidant Pathway.

The leaves of (Houtt.) Merr. are used in the Garo, Pahan, and Teli tribal communities of Bangladesh as a traditional medicinal plant to treat hepatitis, diabetes, ulcers, heart disease, and dysentery.

Genetic Parameters of Milk β-Hydroxybutyric Acid and Acetone and Their Genetic Association with Milk Production Traits of Holstein Cattle.

This study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and acetone concentration in milk by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy along with test-day milk production traits including fat %, protein % and milk yield based on monthly samples of milk obtained as part of a routine milk recording program in Korea. Additionally, the feasibility of using such data in the official dairy cattle breeding system for selection of cows with low susceptibility of ketosis was evaluated. A total of 57,190 monthly test-day records for parities 1, 2, and 3 of 7,895 cows with pedigree information were collected from April 2012 to August 2014 from herds enrolled in the Korea Animal Improvement Association.

The Outcomes of Selection in a Closed Herd on a Farm in Operation.

A herd of Berkshire pigs was established in 2003 and subjected to selection without introduction of any genetic resources until 2007. The complete pedigree, including 410 boars and 916 sows, as well as the records from 5,845 pigs and 822 litters were used to investigate the results obtained from the selections. The index of selection for breeding values included days to 90 kg (D90kg), backfat thickness (BF) and number of piglets born alive (NBA).

First report of Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) causing severe disease in Allomyrina dichotoma in Korea.

Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) has been known to cause severe disease in coconut palm rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros, in Southeastern Asia and is used as a biological control to reduce the pest population. Here, we report for the first time that the OrNV may have landed on Korea and may be the major pathogen for diseased larvae of Korean horn beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma. After peroral inoculation, over 60% of infected larvae perished in 6 wk.