Impact of the ASTRO 2024 Guideline on Partial Breast Irradiation Eligibility in Breast Cancer Patients (KROG 24-01): PBI Eligibility by ASTRO guidelines.

Background: The ASTRO (American Society for Radiation Oncology) has recently published new guidelines for the eligibility of partial breast irradiation (PBI). This study aims to evaluate the eligibility rates of PBI according to the ASTRO 2017 and 2024 guidelines.

Methods And Materials: Patients diagnosed with pTis-T2N0 breast cancer in 2019 from three tertiary medical centers were accrued.

Low‒Dose Cyclophosphamide Enhances the Tumoricidal Effects of 5-Day Spacing Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy by Boosting Antitumor Immunity.

Purpose: To investigate the potential role of low‒dose cyclophosphamide (Cy) as a radiosensitizer by evaluating its impact on the immune response and the abscopal effect of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) through preclinical models.

Materials And Methods: CT26 tumors (immunologically hot) and 4T1 tumors (immunologically cold), grown in immunocompetent BALB/c and immunodeficient BALB/c‒nude mice, were irradiated with 20 Gy in two fractions with 5‒day spacing followed by intraperitoneal injections of 9 mg/kg Cy every 3 days. Immunological changes in CT26 tumors caused by the treatments were assessed using flow cytometry.

Risk of radionecrosis in HER2-positive breast cancer with brain metastasis receiving trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and brain stereotactic radiosurgery.

Objectives: To investigate the potential relationship between trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) treatment and radionecrosis induced by brain stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who were diagnosed with brain metastasis and received both SRS and HER2-targeted agents between 2012 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who received T-DM1 within 1 year (either before or after) of SRS were considered as 'T-DM1 exposure (+)'.

Prognostic Evaluation and Survival Prediction for Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma Following Hepatectomy.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess prognostic factors associated with combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) and to predict 5-year survival based on these factors.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent definitive hepatectomy from 2006 to 2022 at a single institution was retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria involved a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of cHCC-CCA.

Assessment of real-time US-CT/MR-guided percutaneous gold fiducial marker implementation in malignant hepatic tumors for stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Backgrounds/aims: This study explored the initial institutional experience of using gold fiducial markers for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in treating malignant hepatic tumors using real-time ultrasound-computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging fusion-guided percutaneous placement.

Methods: From May 2021 to August 2023, 19 patients with 25 liver tumors that were invisible on pre-contrast CT received fiducial markers following these guidelines. Postprocedural scans were used to confirm their placement.

Prediction of Overall Disease Burden in (y)pN1 Breast Cancer Using Knowledge-Based Machine Learning Model.

Background: We aimed to construct an expert knowledge-based Bayesian network (BN) model for assessing the overall disease burden (ODB) in (y)pN1 breast cancer patients and compare ODB across arms of ongoing trials.

Methods: Utilizing institutional data and expert surveys, we developed a BN model for (y)pN1 breast cancer. Expert-derived probabilities and disability weights for radiotherapy-related benefit (e.

Prognostic Significance of Bulky Nodal Disease in Anal Cancer Management: A Multi-institutional Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of bulky nodal involvement in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of patients diagnosed with anal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent definitive chemoradiotherapy at three medical centers between 2004 and 2021. Exclusion criteria included distant metastasis at diagnosis, 2D radiotherapy, and salvage treatment for local relapse.

Assessment and validation of glottic motion using cone-beam CT and real-time cine MRI.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the margin for the planning target volume (PTV) using the Van Herk formula. We then validated the proposed margin by real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: An analysis of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data from early glottic cancer patients was performed to evaluate organ motion.

Estimating the risk and benefit of radiation therapy in (y)pN1 stage breast cancer patients: A Bayesian network model incorporating expert knowledge (KROG 22-13).

Background: We aimed to evaluate the risk and benefit of (y)pN1 breast cancer patients in a Bayesian network model.

Method: We developed a Bayesian network (BN) model comprising three parts: pretreatment, intervention, and risk/benefit. The pretreatment part consisted of clinical information from a tertiary medical center.

Assessment of Eligibility and Utilization of Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation in Korean Breast Cancer Patients (KROG 22-15).

Purpose: We investigated the proportions of patients eligible for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) among those with pT1-2N0 breast cancer, based on the criteria set by the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), the Groupe Européen de Curiethérapie and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (GEC-ESTRO), the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS), and the American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBS). Additionally, we analyzed the rate of APBI utilization among eligible patients.

Materials And Methods: Patients diagnosed with pT1-2N0 breast cancer in 2019 were accrued in four tertiary medical centers in Korea.

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Meta-Analysis and International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society Practice Guidelines.

This systematic review and meta-analysis reports on outcomes and hepatic toxicity rates after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for liver-confined hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and presents consensus guidelines regarding appropriate patient management. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic review was performed from articles reporting outcomes at ≥5 years published before October 2022 from the Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Scopus databases with the following search terms: ("stereotactic body radiotherapy" OR "SBRT" OR "SABR" OR "stereotactic ablative radiotherapy") AND ("hepatocellular carcinoma" OR "HCC"). An aggregated data meta-analysis was conducted to assess overall survival (OS) and local control (LC) using weighted random effects models.

Development and benchmarking of a Korean audio speech recognition model for Clinician-Patient conversations in radiation oncology clinics.

Background: The purpose of this study is to develop an audio speech recognition (ASR) deep learning model for transcribing clinician-patient conversations in radiation oncology clinics.

Methods: We finetuned the pre-trained English QuartzNet 15x5 model for the Korean language using a publicly available dataset of simulated situations between clinicians and patients. Subsequently, real conversations between a radiation oncologist and 115 patients in actual clinics were then prospectively collected, transcribed, and divided into training (30.

Comparison of radical prostatectomy and external beam radiotherapy in high-risk prostate cancer.

Purpose: We evaluated clinical outcomes of high-risk prostate cancer patients receiving external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or radical prostatectomy (RP).

Materials And Methods: Patients were classified as high-risk prostate cancer and received definitive treatment between 2005 and 2015. Patients with previous pelvic radiotherapy, positive lymph node or distant metastasis were excluded.

Optimal timing for salvage surgery after definitive radiotherapy in hypopharyngeal cancer.

Purpose: Use of radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy is increasing in hypopharyngeal cancer. However, many show residual tumor after radiotherapy. Timing for treatment evaluation and salvage therapy is essential.

Survival gain with re-Op/RT for recurred high-grade gliomas depends upon risk groups.

Introduction: A majority of high-grade gliomas relapse despite combined surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There is no consensus on standard treatment for recurrent high-grade gliomas, or defined efficacy of adjuvant re-RT after re-Op. This retrospective study evaluated the benefit and safety of re-RT after re-Op (re-Op/RT).

A Case Report of Salvage Radiotherapy for a Patient with Recurrent Gastric Cancer and Multiple Comorbidities Using Real-time MRI-guided Adaptive Treatment System.

The stomach is one of the most deforming organs caused by respiratory motions and daily variation by food intake. Applying radiotherapy has been quite a challenge due to the high risk of missing the target as well as radiation exposure to large volumes of normal tissue. However, real-time magnetic resonance (MR)-guided radiotherapy with adaptive planning could focus the high dose radiation to the target area while minimizing neighboring normal tissue exposure and compensate for not only daily but real-time variation.