Antibiotic efficacy and resistance patterns of urinary tract infection-causing bacteria in dogs and resistome of multidrug-resistant via whole genome sequencing in South Korea.

Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent in dogs and necessitate antibiotic intervention. However, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria poses significant challenges to antibiotic therapy. Although fosfomycin has been demonstrated to achieve and maintain high concentrations in urine, suggesting its potential for treating UTIs in dogs, its efficacy and the resistance profiles of urinary pathogens from canine UTIs remain elusive.

Multiplicative rGO/Cu-BDC MOF for 4-nitrophenol reduction and supercapacitor applications.

Two-dimensional nanosheets, with their distinct characteristics, are widely used in various applications such as water splitting, supercapacitors, catalysis etc. In this research, we produced Cu-BDC MOF nanosheets by using CuO nanotubes for metal ions and HBDC as the organic linker. We combined these Cu-BDC MOF nanosheets with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to form a nanocomposite.

Multiscale 3D printing via active nozzle size and shape control.

Three-dimensional (3D) printers extruding filaments through a fixed nozzle encounter a conflict between high resolution, requiring small diameters, and high speed, requiring large diameters. This limitation is especially pronounced in multiscale architectures featuring both bulk and intricate elements. Here, we introduce adaptive nozzle 3D printing (AN3DP), a technique enabling dynamic alteration of nozzle diameter and cross-sectional shape during printing.

Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation Activity Using the VO/RGO Composite.

Semiconductor-based photocatalyst materials played an important role in the degradation of organic compounds in recent years. Photocatalysis is a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly process for degrading organic compounds. In this work, vanadium pentoxide (VO) and VO/RGO (reduced graphene oxide) composite were synthesized by a hydrothermal method.

High-Fidelity Cytosine Base Editing in a GC-Rich Corynebacterium glutamicum with Reduced DNA Off-Target Editing Effects.

Genome editing technology is a powerful tool for programming microbial cell factories. However, rat APOBEC1-derived cytosine base editor (CBE) that converts C•G to T•A at target genes induced DNA off-targets, regardless of single-guide RNA (sgRNA) sequences. Although the high efficiencies of the bacterial CBEs have been developed, a risk of unidentified off-targets impeded genome editing for microbial cell factories.

Sulfur Nanoparticle-Decorated Nickel Cobalt Sulfide Hetero-Nanostructures with Enhanced Energy Storage for High-Performance Supercapacitors.

Transition-metal sulfides exaggerate higher theoretical capacities and were considered a type of prospective nanomaterials for energy storage; their inherent weaker conductivities and lower electrochemical active sites limited the commercial applications of the electrodes. The sheet-like nickel cobalt sulfide nanoparticles with richer sulfur vacancies were fabricated by a two-step hydrothermal technique. The sheet-like nanoparticles self-combination by ultrathin nanoparticles brought active electrodes entirely contacted with the electrolytes, benefiting ion diffusion and charges/discharges.

Crosslinking effect of borax additive on the thermal properties of polymer-based 1D and 2D nanocomposites used as thermal interface materials.

Recently, polymer-based materials have been used in various filed of applications, but their low thermal conductivity restricts their uses due to the high interfacial thermal resistance. Therefore, in this study, one-dimensional thin-walled carbon nanotube (1D-TWCNT) and two-dimensional boron nitride nanosheet (2D-BNNS) fillers were used to enhance the thermal properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). An important factor to be considered in enhancing the thermal properties of PVA is the interfacial configuration strategy, which provides sufficient pathways for phonon transport and the controlled loss of the intrinsic thermal properties of the filler nanomaterial.

Chemically Synthesized Iron-Oxide-Based Pure Negative Electrode for Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitor Devices.

Among energy storage devices, supercapacitors have received considerable attention in recent years owing to their high-power density and extended cycle life. Researchers are currently making efforts to improve energy density using different asymmetric cell configurations, which may provide a wider potential window. Many studies have been conducted on positive electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitor devices; however, studies on negative electrodes have been limited.

Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline antibiotics using hydrothermally synthesized two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide/titanium dioxide composites.

Tetracycline (TC) is a persistent antibiotic used in many countries, including China, India, and the United States of America (USA), because of its low price and effectiveness in enhancing livestock production. However, such antibiotics can have toxic effects on living organisms via complexation with metals, and their accumulation leading to teratogenicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide/titanium dioxide (MoS/TiO) composites with different amounts of molybdenum disulfide (MoS) were prepared via a simple, cost-effective, and pollution-free hydrothermal route.

Nanoflakes-like nickel cobaltite as active electrode material for 4-nitrophenol reduction and supercapacitor applications.

Catalytic reduction of nitroaromatic compounds present in wastewater by nanostructured materials is a promising process for wastewater treatment. A multifunctional electrode based on ternary spinal nickel cobalt oxide is used in the catalytic reduction of a nitroaromatic compound and supercapacitor application. In this study, we designed nanoflakes- like nickel cobaltite (NiCoO) using a simple, chemical, cost-effective hydrothermal method.

Mechanically Sustainable Starch-Based Flame-Retardant Coatings on Polyurethane Foams.

The use of halogen-based materials has been regulated since toxic substances are released during combustion. In this study, polyurethane foam was coated with cationic starch (CS) and montmorillonite (MMT) nano-clay using a spray-assisted layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly to develop an eco-friendly, high-performance flame-retardant coating agent. The thickness of the CS/MMT coating layer was confirmed to have increased uniformly as the layers were stacked.

Ultrasound assisted synthesis of highly active nanoflower-like CoMoS electrocatalyst for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions.

Rapid technological development requires sustainable, pure, and clean energy systems, such as hydrogen energy. It is difficult to fabricate efficient, highly active, and inexpensive electrocatalysts for the overall water splitting reaction: the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The present research work deals with a simple hydrothermal synthesis route assisted with ultrasound that was used to fabricate a 3D nanoflower-like porous CoMoS electrocatalyst.

Three-dimensional nanoflower-like hierarchical array of multifunctional copper cobaltate electrode as efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and energy storage application.

The study deals with the hydrothermal growth of a CuCoO hierarchical 3D nanoflower-like array on carbon cloth (CuCoO@CC), which is a useful multifunctional electrode. The electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) study of the CuCoO@CC electrode shows high durability and good activity in 1 M KOH. As an energy storage electrode, it shows a high specific capacitance of 1438 Fg at 10 mA cm in a 3 M KOH electrolyte.

Topology Optimization of Planar Gear-Linkage Mechanisms.

Topology optimization for mechanism synthesis has been developed for the simultaneous determination of the number and dimension of mechanisms. However, these methods can be used to synthesize linkage mechanisms that consist only of links and joints because other types of mechanical elements such as gears cannot be simultaneously synthesized. In this study, we aim to develop a gradient-based topology optimization method which can be used to synthesize mechanisms consisting of both linkages and gears.

Design and Electro-Thermo-Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Au/Si₃N₄ Bimorph Microcantilevers for Static Mode Sensing.

This paper presents a design optimization method based on theoretical analysis and numerical calculations, using a commercial multi-physics solver (e.g., ANSYS and ESI CFD-ACE+), for a 3D continuous model, to analyze the bending characteristics of an electrically heated bimorph microcantilever.

Inhibition of senescence and promotion of the proliferation of chondrocytes from articular cartilage by CsA and FK506 involves inhibition of p38MAPK.

Cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) are the most important immunosuppressive compounds that block the activation of helper T-cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of CsA and FK506 on growth and senescence of articular chondrocytes. Chondrocytes from young rabbit cartilage entered senescence after 8.

Vehicle Position Estimation Based on Magnetic Markers: Enhanced Accuracy by Compensation of Time Delays.

The real-time recognition of absolute (or relative) position and orientation on a network of roads is a core technology for fully automated or driving-assisted vehicles. This paper presents an empirical investigation of the design, implementation, and evaluation of a self-positioning system based on a magnetic marker reference sensing method for an autonomous vehicle. Specifically, the estimation accuracy of the magnetic sensing ruler (MSR) in the up-to-date estimation of the actual position was successfully enhanced by compensating for time delays in signal processing when detecting the vertical magnetic field (VMF) in an array of signals.

Numerical Modeling and Experimental Validation by Calorimetric Detection of Energetic Materials Using Thermal Bimorph Microcantilever Array: A Case Study on Sensing Vapors of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).

Bi-layer (Au-Si₃N₄) microcantilevers fabricated in an array were used to detect vapors of energetic materials such as explosives under ambient conditions. The changes in the bending response of each thermal bimorph (i.e.

Experimental validation of numerical study on thermoelectric-based heating in an integrated centrifugal microfluidic platform for polymerase chain reaction amplification.

A comprehensive study involving numerical analysis and experimental validation of temperature transients within a microchamber was performed for thermocycling operation in an integrated centrifugal microfluidic platform for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Controlled heating and cooling of biological samples are essential processes in many sample preparation and detection steps for micro-total analysis systems. Specifically, the PCR process relies on highly controllable and uniform heating of nucleic acid samples for successful and efficient amplification.

Development of an integrated sensor module for a non-invasive respiratory monitoring system.

A respiratory monitoring system has been developed for analyzing the carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) concentrations in the expired air using gas sensors. The data can be used to estimate some medical conditions, including diffusion capability of the lung membrane, oxygen uptake, and carbon dioxide output. For this purpose, a 3-way valve derived from a servomotor was developed, which operates synchronously with human respiratory signals.