Association between hypotension during pancreatectomy and development of postoperative diabetes.

Context: With advancements in long-term survival after pancreatectomy, post-pancreatectomy diabetes has become a concern, and the risk factors are not established yet. Pancreatic islets are susceptible to ischemic damage, though there is a lack of clinical evidence regarding glycemic deterioration.

Objective: To investigate association between hypotension during pancreatectomy and development of post-pancreatectomy diabetes.

Partial Deletion of Perk Improved High-Fat Diet-Induced Glucose Intolerance in Mice.

Although pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) is indispensable to beta cells, low-dose PERK inhibitor improved glucose- stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Current study examined if partial deletion of Perk (Perk+/-) recapitulated the effects of PERK inhibitor, on the contrary to the complete deletion. Perk+/- mice and wild-type controls were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 23 weeks.

Glucolipotoxicity Suppressed Autophagy and Insulin Contents in Human Islets, and Attenuation of PERK Activity Enhanced Them in an ATG7-Dependent Manner.

Backgruound: Administration of pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase inhibitor (PERKi) improved insulin secretion and hyperglycemia in obese diabetic mice. In this study, autophagic balance was studied whether to mediate it.

Methods: Human islets were isolated from living patients without diabetes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Dysregulated Autophagy in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells.

Pancreatic beta cell homeostasis is crucial for the synthesis and secretion of insulin; disruption of homeostasis causes diabetes, and is a treatment target. Adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the unfolded protein response (UPR) and adequate regulation of autophagy, which are closely linked, play essential roles in this homeostasis. In diabetes, the UPR and autophagy are dysregulated, which leads to beta cell failure and death.

Muscle strength, an independent determinant of glycemic control in older adults with long-standing type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Although the proportion of older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased, few studies have reported the factors affecting glucose levels in older patients with long-standing T2DM. This study assessed the determinants of glycemic control in older adults with T2DM of a duration of ≥10 years, including muscle mass, muscle quality, and β-cell function.

Methods: This was a prospective study of older patients aged ≥60 years with a T2DM duration of ≥10 years.

Hyperglycemic Hemichorea: A Case Series.

Hemichorea has been reported in subjects with hyperglycemia and the recurrent was rarely reported. We identified clinical presentation and course of hypeglycemic hemichorea in six cases, one of whom experienced recurrence. Mean age was 77.

A PNPLA3 Polymorphism Confers Lower Susceptibility to Incident Diabetes Mellitus in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Background And Aims: We investigated the association between the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing-3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 genotype and the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) using a biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cohort and a longitudinal observational cohort.

Methods: Associations between genotypes and the prevalence of DM were evaluated with stratification according to the histological severity of NAFLD in the Boramae cohort (n = 706). A longitudinal cohort consisting of nondiabetic individuals with ≥2 health checkups was then selected to investigate the risk of incident DM according to the genotype (the GENIE cohort; n = 4998).