Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in Asia: Recommendations From the Management of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in Asia Expert Working Group.

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is an underdiagnosed and underrecognized ocular surface disease with limited epidemiological data in Asia. It is more prevalent in warm, dry, and windy climates, and often has a substantial impact on a patient's quality of life. In rare cases, VKC can be associated with vision loss, either through corticosteroid overuse or inadequate treatment of persistent inflammation.

Global Ophthalmology Practice Patterns during COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown.

Aim: To assess the impact of practice patterns amongst global ophthalmologists during severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS Cov2) causing Corona virus disease (COVID-19) and understand the various modifications made to address emergency surgeries and practice needs.

Methods: An online survey was sent to practicing ophthalmologists around the world through email, Whatsapp™ ListServ17.0™ (for pediatric ophthalmologists), WeChat™ (China) and ophthalmology associations (Indonesia, Philippines, Ireland).

Current approaches to myopia control.

Purpose Of Review: Myopia is a global problem, being particularly prevalent in the urban areas of east and southeast Asia. In addition to the direct economic and social burdens, associated ocular complications may lead to substantial vision loss. With prevalence of myopia above 80% and high myopia over 20%, it is crucial to control myopia.

Evidence of Microvascular Changes in the Retina following Kawasaki Disease.

It is unclear whether all children with Kawasaki disease (KD) have increased later cardiovascular risk. The retinal microvasculature reflects changes in the microcirculation and is associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors and events. The aim of this study was to investigate retinal microvascular parameters in two populations of patients with previous KD and control participants.

Risk factors for strabismus and amblyopia in young Singapore Chinese children.

Purpose: To determine the risk factors for strabismus and amblyopia in young Singapore Chinese children.

Methods: A total of 3009 children were recruited for the population-based cross-sectional Strabismus, Amblyopia and Refractive Error in Singaporean Preschoolers Study (STARS). Strabismus was defined as any tropia identified on cover test.

Topical brinzolamide for foveal schisis in juvenile retinoschisis.

We describe a case series of 4 consecutive patients diagnosed with X-linked retinoschisis seen at a pediatric ophthalmology clinic during a 3-year period. All patients were treated with topical brinzolamide; 3 patients experienced significantly decreased severity of macular cysts on OCT in at least one eye.

Visual acuity and visual skills in Malaysian children with learning disabilities.

Background: There is limited data in the literature concerning the visual status and skills in children with learning disabilities, particularly within the Asian population. This study is aimed to determine visual acuity and visual skills in children with learning disabilities in primary schools within the suburban Kota Bharu district in Malaysia.

Methods: We examined 1010 children with learning disabilities aged between 8-12 years from 40 primary schools in the Kota Bharu district, Malaysia from January 2009 to March 2010.

Extensive facial and orbital infantile hemangiomas associated with high intraocular pressure.

High intraocular pressure is a rare ophthalmic condition associated with infantile hemangiomas that involves the orbit, eyelid, or both. Here, we describe a patient with extensive facial and orbital infantile hemangiomas associated with high intraocular pressure in the affected eye. The prompt management of this challenging condition is essential.

An evidence-based update on myopia and interventions to retard its progression.

Myopia is the most common human eye disorder. With its increasing prevalence and earlier age-of-onset in recent birth cohorts, myopia now affects almost 33% of adults in the United States, and epidemic proportions of 85% to 90% adults in Asian cities. Unlike children in Western populations, where the prevalence of myopia is very low (less than 5%), Asian children have prevalences as high as 29% in 7-year-olds.

Prevalence of refractive error in Singaporean Chinese children: the strabismus, amblyopia, and refractive error in young Singaporean Children (STARS) study.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of refractive error types in Singaporean Chinese children aged 6 to 72 months.

Methods: The Strabismus, Amblyopia and Refractive Error in Singaporean Children (STARS) is a population-based study in southwest Singapore. Door-to-door recruitment of participants was used, with disproportionate random sampling in 6-month increments.

Loop myopexy for treatment of myopic strabismus fixus.

In myopic strabismus fixus, there is acquired esotropia and hypotropia associated with restricted elevation and abduction. One possible etiology is an enlarged globe herniating superotemporally through the muscle cone. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has demonstrated the inferolateral displacement of the lateral rectus (LR) muscle in this restrictive motility disorder.

Visual experience during phacoemulsification under topical anaesthesia: a nationwide survey of Singapore ophthalmologists.

Background: All patients undergoing phacoemulsification under topical anaesthesia experience a variety of visual sensations that may be frightening in a small proportion of patients. This study evaluates Singapore ophthalmologists' knowledge and practices regarding patients' visual experience during phacoemulsification under topical anaesthesia.

Methods: A nationwide survey of all ophthalmologists in Singapore who had performed at least one cataract surgery within the last year was carried out.

Modulation transfer functions in children: pupil size dependence and meridional anisotropy.

Purpose: This study quantified preschool children's optical quality in terms of their aberrations and modulation transfer function (MTF), and examined the dependence of MTF on pupil size and grating orientation.

Methods: Aberrometry was used to measure Zernike coefficients in 34 Chinese preschool children (18 males, 16 females; aged 4.95-6.