A multi-channel collagen conduit with aligned Schwann cells and endothelial cells for enhanced neuronal regeneration in spinal cord injury.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to Wallerian degeneration and the accompanying disruption of vasculature leads to ischemia, which damages motor and sensory function. Therefore, understanding the biological environment during regeneration is essential to promote neuronal regeneration and overcome this phenomenon. The band of Büngner is a structure of an aligned Schwann cell (SC) band that guides axon elongation providing a natural recovery environment.

Population genetic study of 10 short tandem repeat loci from 600 domestic dogs in Korea.

Dogs have long shared close relationships with many humans. Due to the large number of dogs in human populations, they are often involved in crimes. Occasionally, canine biological evidence such as saliva, bloodstains and hairs can be found at crime scenes.

Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of a spontaneous reddish mutant in Satsuma mandarin, Shinheungri.

A Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Miyagawa) spontaneous mutant, Shinheungri, produces fruit with an abnormal red-coloured peel during ripening.

The identification of elephant ivory evidences of illegal trade with mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and hypervariable D-loop region.

DNA analysis of elephant ivory of illegal trade was handled in this work. The speciation and geographical origin of nine specimens of elephant ivory were requested by the police. Without national authorization, the suspect had purchased processed ivory seals from January to May, 2011 by Internet transactions from a site in a neighboring country.

Molecular analysis of hprt mutation in B6C3F1 mice exposed to ozone alone and combined treatment of 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and/or dibutyl phthalate for 32 and 52 weeks.

Potential toxicological interactions of 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and/or dibuthyl phthalate (DBP) on ozone were investigated after 32- and 52-wk exposures using hprt mutation assay. Male and female B6C3F1 mice exposed to ozone (0.5 ppm), NNK (1.

Cap-independent protein translation is initially responsible for 4-(N-methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanone (NNK)-induced apoptosis in normal human bronchial epithelial cells.

Evidences show that eukaryotic mRNAs can perform protein translation through internal ribosome entry sites (IRES). 5'-Untranslated region of the mRNA encoding apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) contains IRES, and, thus, can be translated in a cap-independent manner. Effects of changes in protein translation pattern through rapamycin pretreatment on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanone(NNK, tobacco-specific lung carcinogen)-induced apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells were examined by caspase assay, FACS analysis, Western blotting, and transient transfection.

Four-week inhalation toxicity, mutagenicity and immunotoxicity studies of Keum-Yeon-Cho (NosmoQ), tobacco substitute composition, in mice.

Safety of Keum-Yeon-Cho (NosmoQ), a tobacco substitute composition, was evaluated in terms of acute- and 4 weeks repeated-inhalation toxicity, mutagenicity, and immunotoxicity using Balb/c mice. The air inside the inhalation chamber was collected and analyzed by GC-MS. In acute inhalation toxicity test, male and female mice were exposed to 40 Keum-Yeon-Cho cigarettes.