Evaluation of dynamics of immune responses and protective efficacy in piglets immunized with an inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome vaccine candidate.

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is an important viral disease of swine that causes significant mortality in piglets and production losses in adult pigs. In this study, we investigated the protective efficacy of an inactivated PRRS virus vaccine candidate and evaluated the differences in PRRSV specific anamnestic response in piglets when challenged with live PRRSV at two different intervals post-immunization. Six-week-old piglets were immunized intramuscularly with an inactivated, Montanide ISA-206 adjuvanted Indian PRRSV isolate, followed by a booster dose at 21 days post-immunization.

Growth kinetics of an Indian isolate of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in MARC-145 cells.

The aim of the present study was to understand the replication kinetics of an Indian isolate of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (Ind-297221) in MARC-145 cells infected at different multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1.0, 0.1, 0.

Immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy of recombinant H5HA1 protein of clade 2.3.2.1a highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus expressed in E.coli.

The global spread of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in poultry has caused great economic loss to the poultry farmers and industry with significant pandemic threat. The current study involved production of recombinant HA1 protein of clade 2.3.

First report on co-isolation and whole-genomic characterisation of mammalian orthorubulavirus 5 and mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 from domestic pigs in India.

During a surveillance study to monitor porcine epidemic diarrohoea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus in India, a total of 1043 swine samples including faeces (n = 264) and clotted blood (n = 779) were collected and tested. Five samples (four faecal and one serum) showed cytopathic effects in Vero cells. Transmission electron microscopy of infectious cell supernatant revealed the presence of two types of virions.

Complete genome analysis of African swine fever virus isolated from domestic pigs during the first ASF outbreaks in India.

African swine fever (ASF), considered as the most dreadful swine disease due to its very high mortality, emerged in India in 2020. The complete genome analysis of ASF viruses isolated during the first outbreaks in India showed a few unique non-synonymous mutations in MGF 369-11L, MGF 505-4R, K205R and B263R genes. Frame shifts in the protein coding sequences were observed in DP60R, ASFV-G_ACD 00190, MGF 110-10-L-MGF110-14L fusion, MGF 360-14L and I267L genes of Indian ASF viruses as compared to ASFV/Georgia/2007.

Experimental Infection and In-Contact Transmission of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Crows.

This study aimed to investigate the potential of H9N2 avian influenza virus to cause disease and intra-species transmission in house crows (). A group of six crows were intranasally inoculated with 10 EID of H9N2 virus (A/chicken/India/07OR17/2021), and 24 h post-inoculation six naïve crows were co-housed with infected crows. Crows were observed for 14 days for any overt signs of illness.

Role of expression of host cytokines in the pathogenesis of H9N2-PB2 reassortant and non-reassortant H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated from crows in BALB/c mice.

The present experiment was conducted to study the role of cytokine, chemokine and TLRs responses of H9N2-PB2 reassortant H5N1 virus as compared to non-reassortant H5N1 virus isolated from crows in BALB/c mice. Two groups (12 mice each) of 6-8 weeks old BALB/c mice were intranasally inoculated with 10 EID/ml of viruses A/crow/India/03CA04/2015 (H9N2-PB2 reassortant H5N1) and A/crow/India/02CA01/2012 (non-reassortant H5N1). At each interval, brain, lung and spleen were collected and relative quantification of cytokines, chemokines and TLRs was done by qPCR.

Widespread Prevalence of Antibodies Against Swine Influenza A (pdm H1N1 09) Virus in Pigs of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.

Swine influenza virus (SIV) belongs to family Orthomyxoviridae and can cause acute respiratory infection in pigs. Several pandemic H1N1 human fatal influenza cases were reported in India. Though pigs are predisposed to both avian and human influenza virus infections with the potential to generate novel reassortants, there are only a few reports of SIV in Indian pigs.

Genetic characterization of African swine fever virus from domestic pigs in India.

African swine fever (ASF) is the most dreaded disease of pigs, which can cause mortality of up to 100%. Following disease outbreaks with high mortality in pigs in two states of north-east India, namely Arunachal Pradesh and Assam in early 2020, we confirmed the first occurrence of African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pigs in India by real-time PCR, virus isolation and nucleotide sequencing. Genetic analyses in three independent genomic regions (B646L gene encoding the p72 protein, E183L gene encoding the p54 protein and the central variable region (CVR) of B602L gene) showed that the Indian ASF viruses are similar to the post-2007-p72-genotype II viruses reported from Asia and Europe, suggesting the transboundary expansion of ongoing ASF outbreaks in the region.

Diabetic retinopathy screening model for rural population: awareness and screening methodology.

Context: Worldwide, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is increasing at an alarming rate. WHO has predicted that in India the number of adults with diabetes will be the highest in the world: from 19 million in 1995 to 80 million in 2030. Although originally thought to be a disease of an urban population, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in rural areas as well.