Equity of the HIV epidemic response in 13 African countries.

For over 25 years, new programs to attempt to stem the HIV epidemic have been developed in Africa by country governments as well as external donors. These programs and activities have built and operated facilities, trained clinicians, financed drugs and commodities, supported and helped finance government health planning and operations, and contributed in other ways. Who has benefited from this massive mobilization? While some single country and narrowly focused studies have been done, the issue of equity of HIV programs for vulnerable populations has not been examined in a large set of countries.

Partner-Support and Gestational Duration Among Pregnant Women Who Smoke.

Introduction: Pregnant women who smoke are at a high risk of preterm birth (PTB) and have low partner-support. In a prospective cohort study, we aimed to examine the role of partner-support in gestational duration and PTB among pregnant women who smoke as well as the interaction with race/ethnicity.

Methods: We analyzed secondary data of 53 participants from the University at Buffalo Pregnancy and Smoking Cessation Study.

Cinnamaldehyde inhibits Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation and promotes clearance of its colonization by modulation of phagocytes in vitro.

The nosocomial pathogen, Enterococcus faecalis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of variety of infections including endocarditis, urinary tract, and recurrent root canal infections. Primary virulence factors of E. faecalis such as biofilm formation, gelatinase production and suppression of host innate immune response can severely harm host tissue.

Biocidal activity of Ba-doped CeO NPs against and bacterial strains.

Mishandling of antibiotics often leads to the development of multiple drug resistance (MDR) among microbes, resulting in the failure of infection treatments and putting human health at great risk. As a response, unique nanomaterials with superior bioactivity must be developed to combat bacterial infections. Herein, CeO-based nanomaterials (NMs) were synthesized by employing cerium(iii) nitrate and selective alkaline ions.

Inhibitory potential of EGCG on Streptococcus mutans biofilm: A new approach to prevent Cariogenesis.

Dental caries is a common cause for tooth loss and Streptococcus mutans is identified as the etiologic pathogen. This study evaluates the inhibitory potential of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on S.mutans glucansucrase enzyme and its biofilm.

Anticancer potential of NF-κB targeting apoptotic molecule "flavipin" isolated from endophytic Chaetomium globosum.

Background: Anticancer compounds from natural sources have drawn attention due to their structural diversity and relatively lesser side effects. Endophytic fungi are one such natural resource from, which plethoras of anticancerous compounds have been isolated.

Purpose: The objective of the study was to isolate and characterize the bioactive metabolite from Chaetomium globosum that exhibits astonishing antiproliferative activity against cancerous cell lines.

Effect of Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Sr(2+) and Ba(2+) metal ions on the antifungal activity of ZnO nanoparticles tested against Candida albicans.

The antifungal ability of pure and alkaline metal ion (Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Sr(2+) and Ba(2+)) doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by the co-precipitation method was tested against the pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans (C. albicans), and the results showed that the Mg-doped ZnO NPs possessed greater effect than the other alkaline metal ion doped ZnO NPs. The impact of the concentration of Mg doped ZnO sample on the growth of C.

Insilico docking study of compounds elucidated from helicteres isora fruits with ampkinase- insulin receptor.

Insulin receptor (IR) proteins were essential intracellular signaling peptides in the insulin action cascade. Insulin receptor substrate proteins (IRS-1and IRS-2) serve and regulate the insulin level in the normal insulin action. The broad role of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in cell growth and survival reveals a common regulatory pathway linking development, somatic growth, fertility, neuronal proliferation, and aging to the core mechanisms used by vertebrates for nutrient sensing.

Impact of alkaline metal ions Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba on the structural, optical, thermal and antibacterial properties of ZnO nanoparticles prepared by the co-precipitation method.

Pure ZnO and alkaline metal ion (Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba)-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The synthesized nanoparticles retained the wurtzite hexagonal structure, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. The micro-strain properties were analyzed through Williamson-Hall analysis.

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of squid heavy meromyosin.

All muscle-based movement is dependent upon carefully choreographed interactions between the two major muscle components, myosin and actin. Regulation of vertebrate smooth and molluscan muscle contraction is myosin based (both are in the myosin II class), and requires the double-headed form of myosin. Removal of Ca2+ from these muscles promotes a relatively compact conformation of the myosin dimer, which inhibits its interaction with actin.

Bond-orientational analysis of hard-disk and hard-sphere structures.

We report the bond-orientational analysis results for the thermodynamic, random, and homogeneously sheared inelastic structures of hard-disks and hard-spheres. The thermodynamic structures show a sharp rise in the order across the freezing transition. The random structures show the absence of crystallization.

Autotransfusion drains in total knee replacement. Are they alternatives to homologous transfusion?

We prospectively randomised 104 consecutive patients undergoing primary cemented total knee arthroplasty into two groups of 52 patients each, with one group to receive a standard suction drain (Redivac) and the other, an autologous transfusion drain (Bellovac). Randomisation was achieved using the software programme MINIM: , which was set to randomly allocate patients to either of the two groups based on their age, sex and body mass index (BMI). All procedures were performed under pneumatic tourniquet.