Understanding ultrasonographic renal length-to-aorta ratio in Sighthounds: A breed specific study in Chippiparai dogs.

Ultrasonographic renal length-to-aorta ratio is an ideal reflection of renal health in dogs. Earlier studies have highlighted the need for breed-specific reference intervals for this parameter. The aim of this study was to establish a breed-specific reference interval of kidney length to aorta ratio (KL:Ao) in Chippiparai dogs, a breed of Indian sighthounds.

Structure-based identification of small-molecule inhibitors that target the DIII domain of the Dengue virus glycoprotein E pan-serotypically.

Dengue viral infection is caused by the Dengue virus, which spreads to humans through the bite of infected mosquitos. Dengue affects over half of the global population, with an estimated 500 million infections per year. Despite this, no effective treatment is currently available, however, several promising candidates are undergoing pre-clinical/clinical testing.

Institutional Support for the Career Advancement of Women Faculty in Science and Academic Medicine: Successes, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Institutional support is crucial for the successful career advancement of all faculty but in particular those who are women. Evolving from the past, in which gender disparities were prevalent in many institutions, recent decades have witnessed significant progress in supporting the career advancement of women faculty in science and academic medicine. However, continued advancement is necessary as previously unrecognized needs and new opportunities for improvement emerge.

From Alpha to Omicron and Beyond: Associations Between SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Surgical Outcomes.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced surgical practices, with SARS-CoV-2 variants presenting unique pathologic profiles and potential impacts on perioperative outcomes. This study explores associations between Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 and surgical outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using the National COVID Cohort Collaborative database, which included patients who underwent selected major inpatient surgeries within eight weeks post-SARS-CoV-2 infection from January 2020 to April 2023.

Ying and Yang of Ceramide in the Vascular Endothelium.

Ceramides, a group of biologically active sphingolipids, have been described as the new cholesterol given strong evidence linking high plasma ceramide with endothelial damage, risk for early adverse cardiovascular events, and development of cardiometabolic disease. This relationship has sparked great interest in investigating therapeutic targets with the goal of suppressing ceramide formation. However, the growing data challenge this paradigm of ceramide as solely eliciting detrimental effects to the cardiovascular system.

Is the peripheral microcirculation a window into the human coronary microvasculature?

An increasing body of evidence suggests a pivotal role for the microvasculature in the development of cardiovascular disease. A dysfunctional coronary microvascular network, specifically within endothelial cells-the inner most cell layer of vessels-is considered a strong, independent risk factor for future major adverse cardiac events. However, challenges exist with evaluating this critical vascular bed, as many of the currently available techniques are highly invasive and cost prohibitive.

Noninvasive assessment of human microvascular function in health and disease using incident dark-field microscopy.

Reduced peripheral microvascular reactivity is associated with an increased risk for major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Tools for noninvasive assessment of peripheral microvascular function are limited, and existing technology is poorly validated in both healthy populations and patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, we used a handheld incident dark-field imaging tool (CytoCam) to test the hypothesis that, compared with healthy individuals (no risk factors for CVD), subjects formally diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) or those with ≥2 risk factors for CAD (at risk) would exhibit impaired peripheral microvascular reactivity.

Stay on Track: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial on the Feasibility of a Diet and Exercise Intervention in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Radiotherapy.

Purpose: Among patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy, posttreatment cardiovascular disease and worsened quality of life (QoL) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. To overcome these negative radiotherapy effects, this prospective, randomized clinical trial pilots a 12-week Stay on Track exercise and diet intervention for overweight patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer undergoing whole-breast radiotherapy.

Experimental Design: The intervention group (n = 22) participated in three personal exercise and dietary counseling sessions, and received three text reminders/week to adhere to recommendations.

Risk of Early Postoperative Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Complication in Patients with Preoperative COVID-19 Undergoing Cancer Surgery.

Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic shifts to an endemic phase, an increasing proportion of patients with cancer and a preoperative history of COVID-19 will require surgery. This study aimed to assess the influence of preoperative COVID-19 on postoperative risk for major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACEs) among those undergoing surgical cancer resection. Secondary objectives included determining optimal time-to-surgery guidelines based on COVID-19 severity and discerning the influence of vaccination status on MACE risk.

Necessary Role of Ceramides in the Human Microvascular Endothelium During Health and Disease.

Background: Elevated plasma ceramides and microvascular dysfunction both independently predict adverse cardiac events. Despite the known detrimental effects of ceramide on the microvasculature, evidence suggests that activation of the shear-sensitive, ceramide-forming enzyme NSmase (neutral sphingomyelinase) elicits formation of vasoprotective nitric oxide (NO). Here, we explore a novel hypothesis that acute ceramide formation through NSmase is necessary for maintaining NO signaling within the human microvascular endothelium.

Student Leadership Development Initiative for Medical Students: Lessons Learned From Transitioning to Virtual Modalities.

Leadership training is a necessary component of undergraduate medical education. Our group successfully implemented a student-led organization starting from 2016 (Student Leadership Development Initiative; SLDI) that aimed to provide medical students with exposure to physician-leader career paths in an informal, organic, interactive setting. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a shift to online programming, and given the high prevalence of ZOOM fatigue, we incorporated monthly, freely available, self-directed modules as an additional leadership training opportunity.

Prediction of Early Recurrence Following CRS/HIPEC in Patients With Disseminated Appendiceal Cancer.

Introduction: In patients with disseminated appendiceal cancer (dAC) who underwent cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), characterizing and predicting those who will develop early recurrence could provide a framework for personalizing follow-up. This study aims to: (1) characterize patients with dAC that are at risk for recurrence within 2 y following of CRS ± HIPEC (early recurrence; ER), (2) utilize automated machine learning (AutoML) to predict at-risk patients, and (3) identifying factors that are influential for prediction.

Methods: A 12-institution cohort of patients with dAC treated with CRS ± HIPEC between 2000 and 2017 was used to train predictive models using H2O.

Addressing the decline in graduate students' mental well-being.

At the American Physiology Summit 2023 session entitled, "Mental Health for Graduate Students," numerous students expressed struggling with poor mental well-being primarily because of negative experiences during their graduate training. In fact, studies show that up to 50% of graduate students report symptoms of depression, anxiety, or burnout during their training, and poor mental well-being is a major contributor to students' decision to leave academia. Most of the current solutions focus on treatment or wellness strategies; while these are important and necessary, the training environment or culture that often contributes to worsening well-being continues to persist.

Identification of CXCR4 inhibitors as a key therapeutic small molecule in renal fibrosis.

The final stage of almost all chronic kidney diseases is renal fibrosis. Simple wounds or persistent inflammation can cause tissue inflammation, which, in the case of the kidney, results in scarring. Vascular sclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerular fibrosis are all types of kidney fibrosis.

Severity of Prior Coronavirus Disease 2019 is Associated With Postoperative Outcomes After Major Inpatient Surgery.

Objective: To determine how the severity of prior history (Hx) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection influences postoperative outcomes after major elective inpatient surgery.

Background: Surgical guidelines instituted early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic recommended a delay in surgery of up to 8 weeks after an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. This was based on the observation of elevated surgical risk after recovery from COVID-19 early in the pandemic.

Automated machine learning (AutoML) can predict 90-day mortality after gastrectomy for cancer.

Early postoperative mortality risk prediction is crucial for clinical management of gastric cancer. This study aims to predict 90-day mortality in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy using automated machine learning (AutoML), optimize models for preoperative prediction, and identify factors influential in prediction. National Cancer Database was used to identify stage I-III gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy between 2004 and 2016.

Necessary Role of Acute Ceramide Formation in The Human Microvascular Endothelium During Health and Disease.

Background: Elevated plasma ceramides independently predict adverse cardiac events and we have previously shown that exposure to exogenous ceramide induces microvascular endothelial dysfunction in arterioles from otherwise healthy adults (0-1 risk factors for heart disease). However, evidence also suggests that activation of the shear-sensitive, ceramide forming enzyme neutral sphingomyelinase (NSmase) enhances vasoprotective nitric oxide (NO) production. Here we explore a novel hypothesis that acute ceramide formation through NSmase is necessary for maintaining NO signaling within the human microvascular endothelium.