A study of Titanium and Magnesium particle-induced oxidative stress and toxicity to human osteoblasts.

Hybrid implants combine both Titanium (Ti) and Magnesium (Mg) are prevalent nowadays. The long-term implications of Ti and Mg implants within the human body are not yet fully understood. Many implant failure cases due to inflammation, allergic responses, and aspect loosening have been reported frequently.

Fabrication of Ti + Mg composites by three-dimensional printing of porous Ti and subsequent pressureless infiltration of biodegradable Mg.

A semi-degradable Ti + Mg composite with superior compression and cytotoxicity properties have been successfully fabricated using ink jet 3D printing followed by capillary mediated pressureless infiltration technique targeting orthopaedic implant applications. The composite exhibited low modulus (~5.2 GPa) and high ultimate compressive strength (~418 MPa) properties matching that of the human cortical bone.